马克思文化观及其现代价值意蕴

发布时间：2018-03-23 11:05

本文选题：马克思　切入点：文化观　出处：《西安理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思的文化思想得以形成是以一定的历史背景和理论基础为条件的。从形成背景来看,资本主义社会的产生和迅速发展以及无产阶级革命运动的不断涌动是马克思创立其文化思想所依靠的宏观背景,资产阶级和无产阶级的对立使得两者之间的矛盾日益激化乃至无法调和,在这样的境遇下,文化问题逐渐显现并受到人们的广泛关注;从理论渊源来看,在马克思之前的哲学家对文化的探究和思辨为马克思的文化思想奠定了理论基础。文艺复兴运动在很大程度上解放了人们的思想和观念,使得人从封建思想和神学观念的统治下解放出来,维柯对文化理论的开创、康德文化哲学的启蒙、黑格尔文化思想的启示以及摩尔根文化思辨的引领都对马克思文化思想的产生起到了重要的理论导向价值作用。马克思的文化思想产生和发展是一个客观的演进历程。由马克思的经典著作的文本论述中我们可以探寻到马克思文化思想产生、发展、成熟的演进轨迹,《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对文化产生的根源、文化的本质以及文化的价值作了科学的阐释,是马克思文化思想形成的标志;《德意志意识形态》从历史唯物主义的角度着眼,对文化产生和发展问题作了进一步的探索和阐释,预示着马克思文化思想在不断成熟;《共产党宣言》在对资本主义文化进行客观评价的同时,对“世界文学”的建构进行了系统阐释,是马克思文化思想的纲领性文件;《资本论》着重从“人”的角度,来探讨文化的问题,是马克思文化思想成熟的标志;《人类学笔记》主要阐释了文化发展过程中呈现的多样性和统一性,是马克思关于文化问题的晚年探索。本文从文化产生的现实根源,文化的本质属性,文化的价值功能,文化的组织结构,文化的主体特征以及文化的发展走向等共六个角度来对马克思文化思想的具体内容进行宏观概括,同时从阶级性、科学性以及实践性三个维度来阐述马克思文化思想的理论特征。马克思的文化思想在全人类视野内文化整体思想的演进过程和马克思主义文化理论演进过程都有着重要的价值和地位,马克思文化思想的产生,开启了人类文化哲学思想研究的新纪元,同时也为马克思主义文化的产生和发展奠定基础。马克思文化思想对我国当前社会主义先进文化建设,弘扬民族文化,正确对待外来文化,增强文化自觉、提升文化自信、实现文化自强具有重要的理论和实践价值。
[Abstract]:Marx's cultural thought was formed on the basis of a certain historical background and theoretical basis. The emergence and rapid development of capitalist society and the constant movement of proletarian revolutionary movement are the macro background on which Marx founded his cultural thought. The contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat has become increasingly intense and even irreconcilable. In such circumstances, cultural problems have gradually emerged and received widespread attention. The exploration and speculation of culture by philosophers before Marx laid a theoretical foundation for Marx's cultural thought. The Renaissance liberated people's thoughts and ideas to a great extent. The liberation of man from feudal thought and theological idea, the creation of cultural theory by Vico, the enlightenment of Kant's cultural philosophy, The enlightenment of Hegel's cultural thought and the guidance of Morgen's cultural speculation have played an important role in guiding Marx's cultural thought. The emergence and development of Marx's cultural thought is an objective evolution. From the text of Marx's classic works, we can find out the origin of Marx's cultural thought. The evolution of development and maturity, the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844, gives a scientific explanation of the origin, essence and value of culture. German ideology is the symbol of the formation of Marx's cultural thought. From the perspective of historical materialism, it makes a further exploration and interpretation of the issue of the emergence and development of culture. The Communist Manifesto gives a systematic explanation of the construction of "world literature" while objectively evaluating capitalist culture. It is a programmatic document of Marx's cultural thinking. "Capital" focuses on the issue of culture from the perspective of "man." The Anthropology Notes mainly explains the diversity and unity in the process of cultural development, and is Marx's exploration of cultural problems in his later years. From six angles, such as the essential attribute of culture, the value function of culture, the organizational structure of culture, the main features of culture and the development trend of culture, the concrete contents of Marx's cultural thought are summarized macroscopically, and at the same time, from the class nature, the concrete content of Marx's cultural thought is summarized. This paper expounds the theoretical characteristics of Marx's cultural thought from the three dimensions of science and practice. The evolution process of Marx's cultural thought in the view of all mankind and the evolution process of Marxist cultural theory both exist in the field of vision of all mankind. With important values and status, The emergence of Marx's cultural thought opened a new epoch in the study of human cultural philosophy and thought, and also laid a foundation for the emergence and development of Marxist culture. It is of great theoretical and practical value to carry forward national culture, treat foreign culture correctly, strengthen cultural consciousness, promote cultural self-confidence and realize cultural self-improvement.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G02;A81

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