浅析中世纪法国的政教关系

发布时间：2018-01-20 22:00

本文关键词： 法国中世纪政权教权　出处：《天津师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中世纪二元的社会体系中,政权和教权的关系是比较错综复杂的,搞清楚他们之间的关系是系统地了解中世纪历史的重要基础。但是因为各个国家的政权和教权在地方上的具体性和差异性,在中法兰克、西法兰克和东法兰克的表现是不一样的。本文旨在从9世纪法兰克帝国解体后了解西法兰克的现状,分析得出法兰西地方封建领主的独立性强大,王权衰弱。与此同一时期,教会内部也出现了很多道德沦丧和腐败现象。在9、10世纪教会通过克吕尼运动和上帝的和平修正教会不良之风,提升了教会的威信,教会的权威得到增强,经济实力大增。又经过罗马教廷改革后在英诺森三世时期达到最高峰,此阶段出现了教权高于王权的关系。面对这种情况,从卡佩王朝起,历代的法王们致力于王室领地扩张,通过政治联姻和军事战争的方式获得了王室领地,在获得了大量领地面积之后,设立邑督等官吏进行管理,巩固王权的统治。12世纪又因为城市经济的发展,市民阶层成长起来,他们通过接受教育和罗马法的复兴,渐渐成为了王权借助依靠的政治力量,王权的地位得到提升。因教会而发动的十字军运动,反而在最后几次的十字军东征中削弱了教会的权威和地位,城市异端的爆发更是降低了教会的威信,随着阿维农之囚和教会的分裂,王权控制了教权。在关于税收征收问题上法王借助市民阶层的力量召开了三级议会,教会的政治作用衰弱,逐渐退出了政治舞台。
[Abstract]:In the dual social system in the Middle Ages, the relationship between political power and religious power is more complicated. To find out the relationship between them is an important foundation to understand the history of the Middle Ages systematically, but because of the local concreteness and difference of each country's political power and religious power, it is in the middle of Frank. The performance of West Frank and East Frank is not the same. This article aims to understand the status quo of West Frank after the fall of the French Empire in 9th century, and to analyze the independence of the feudal lords in France. Wang Quan was weak. At the same time, there were many phenomena of moral decay and corruption within the church. In the 9th century, the church corrected the bad trend of the church through the Cluni movement and God's peace. Raised the authority of the church, the authority of the church was strengthened, the economic strength increased greatly, and after the Holy see reform reached its peak in the period of Innocenti III. In this stage, the relationship of religious power over Wang Quan appeared. In the face of this situation, from the Kapei dynasty onwards, successive French kings devoted themselves to the expansion of the royal domain, and acquired the royal territory through political marriage and military war. After obtaining a large area of territory, the establishment of governor and other government officials to manage, to consolidate Wang Quan's rule. 12th century, because of the development of urban economy, the civil class grew up. Through their education and the revival of Roman law, they gradually became the crusader movement launched by the church by Wang Quan through the help of the political force on which he relied. On the contrary, in the last crusades, the authority and status of the church was weakened, and the outburst of urban heresy reduced the church's prestige, along with the prison of Avenon and the split of the church. Wang Quan controlled the right of religion. On the issue of tax collection, the French king convened three levels of parliament with the help of the power of the citizen class, and the political role of the church was weakened and gradually withdrew from the political arena.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K565.3

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