苏联集团对以色列的军事援助（1947-1949）

发布时间：2018-01-21 03:53

本文关键词： 苏联集团巴勒斯坦以色列军事援助　出处：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文论述了1947年12月—1949年1月苏联集团在以色列建国前后为其提供军事援助的原因、经过和影响。文章共分三部分。第一节主要论述了二战结束后苏联插手巴勒斯坦问题的原因及其对巴勒斯坦政策的转变。战后苏联对外政策的主要目标就是维护雅尔塔体系,并在南部边界建立一个安全带。但是,它在希腊、土耳其、伊朗三大危机中均以失败告终。就在此时,英国在巴勒斯坦的委任统治陷入危机,并把这一问题提交到联合国。这就为苏联插手巴勒斯坦事务提供了良机。为了与英美争夺中东,苏联改变了对外政策中反对犹太复国主义的传统方针,转而支持犹太人在巴勒斯坦建国。这是苏联集团在以色列建国前后为其提供军事援助的根本原因。第二节主要论述了苏联集团对以色列提供军事援助的具体实施过程。这是本文的重点。整个军事援助可分为三个阶段。1947年12月—1948年2月是援助的开始阶段。1947年11月联合国关于巴勒斯坦分治的决议通过后,阿犹冲突加剧。捷克斯洛伐克为了缓解国内的经济困境,开始向犹太人提供军事援助,其中以中小型武器为主。1948年2月—1948年11月是援助的高潮阶段。1948年捷克斯洛伐克二月事变后,特别是1948年5月以色列宣布建国,巴勒斯坦战争全面爆发后,苏联集团对以色列的军事援助开始大大增加,其中包括提供飞机、坦克等重武器；培训以色列飞行员、伞兵；组织训练志愿者等。1948年11月—1949年1月是结束阶段。1948年11月之后,因为巴勒斯坦战争已经接近尾声、英美等西方国家持续的外交压力以及苏联集团与以色列关系的变冷,军事援助开始逐渐减少,并在1949年初阿以双方陆续签订停战协定后结束。第三节主要论述了苏联集团对以色列提供军事援助所产生的影响。其军事影响就是帮助以色列打败了阿拉伯国家的围攻,赢得了独立战争的胜利；而政治影响则表现在改变了整个中东的政治格局,为日后的巴以冲突埋下祸根。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the reasons, process and influence of the Soviet Union group providing military aid to Israel before and after its founding from December 1947 to January 1949. The article is divided into three parts. The first section mainly discusses the reasons for the Soviet intervention in the question of Palestine after the end of World War II and its transformation to the Palestinian policy. The main goal of the post-war Soviet foreign policy is to maintain the Yalta system. And set up a seat belt on the southern border. But it failed in the three major crises of Greece, Turkey and Iran, just as Britain's mandate in Palestine was in crisis. And referred the issue to the United Nations, which provided a good opportunity for the Soviet Union to intervene in Palestinian affairs. In order to compete with Britain and the United States in the Middle East, the Soviet Union changed the traditional policy of opposing Zionism in its foreign policy. The shift to support Jewish statehood in Palestine is the root cause of the Soviet bloc's military support for Israel before and after the founding of the state. The second section mainly discusses the implementation process of the military aid provided by the Soviet group to Israel. This is the focus of this paper. The whole military aid can be divided into three stages. December 1947-February 1948 is. Initial phase of assistance. Following the adoption of the United Nations resolution on partition of Palestine on November 1947. The conflict intensified. Czechoslovakia began to provide military aid to Jews in an effort to ease the country's economic difficulties. The period from February 1948 to November 1948 was the culmination of the assistance. After the February incident in Czechoslovakia. Especially after Israel declared its statehood in May 1948, after the outbreak of the Palestinian War, the Soviet military assistance to Israel began to increase greatly, including the provision of aircraft, tanks and other heavy weapons; Training of Israeli pilots, paratroopers; Organize the training of volunteers, etc. November 1948-January 1949 is the end phase. After November 1948, because the Palestinian war has come to an end. The continued diplomatic pressure from the United States and the United States and the cooling of relations between the Soviet bloc and Israel led to a gradual decline in military assistance, which ended in early 1949 with the signing of an armistice agreement between the two sides. The third section mainly discusses the influence of the Soviet Union group on the military aid provided by Israel, whose military influence is to help Israel defeat the siege of Arab countries and win the victory of the War of Independence. The political influence is reflected in changing the political pattern of the whole Middle East and laying the root of the future Palestine-Israel conflict.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K153

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