德意志帝国政治现代化的自反性特点研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 18:46

本文关键词： 德意志帝国政治现代化自反性　出处：《西北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：德意志帝国是德国历史发展的重要阶段,它使一个统一的德国登上了近代欧洲及世界历史的舞台,它也使德国的政治现代化进入一个新的阶段。德意志帝国时期的政治现代化在取得一定成就的同时,也凸显出一种自反性的特点:原本推动政治现代化前进的一些力量、因素以及在这一过程中所取得的一些成果,随着历史的前进,逐渐成为德意志帝国在政治现代化道路上继续前进的阻碍。政治现代化的创造者和某些成果反而阻碍了政治现代化的继续前进。这种特点主要表现在容克贵族促成德意志帝国统一和建立、并开启德意志帝国政治现代化的同时,其保守性也越来越显露出来;实现了普选制下的政党政治却不能实现彻底的议会民主制;依然保留了君主制及其所拥有的巨大权力。这种自反性特点是由德意志帝国所处的地理位置及其引起的地缘政治、德国长期分裂的历史事实、君主制延续的历史选择与历史必然、德国的极端国家主义、民族主义、军国主义等政治文化传统、德意志帝国时期的经济、社会繁荣赋予了帝国政权合法性等诸多因素造成的。这种特点在帝国结束后仍然影响着德国的历史,它造成了魏玛共和国时期以《魏玛宪法》为代表的短暂的高度民主光辉,也使得反政治现代化的一面愈演愈烈,最终导致了魏玛共和国的崩溃和纳粹第三帝国的诞生。
[Abstract]:The German Empire was an important stage in the development of German history. It made a unified Germany on the stage of modern European and world history. It also made the political modernization of Germany enter a new stage. The political modernization of the German Reich made some achievements at the same time. It also highlights a reflexive feature: some of the forces, factors and achievements made in the process of promoting political modernization advance with the development of history. It has gradually become an obstacle for the German Reich to continue to advance on the road of political modernization, and the creators and some achievements of political modernization have hindered the progress of political modernization. This kind of characteristic mainly displays in Juncker aristocrat promotes the German Reich unification and the establishment, and opens the German Reich political modernization, at the same time its conservatism also displays more and more; The party politics under the universal election system can not realize the complete parliamentary democracy; Still retained the monarchy and its great power. This reflexivity is the geographical position of the German Reich and the geopolitics caused by it, the historical fact that Germany has been divided for a long time. The historical choice and historical necessity of the continuation of the monarchy, the political and cultural traditions of extreme nationalism, nationalism and militarism in Germany, and the economy of the German Reich period. Social prosperity gave legitimacy to the imperial regime and many other factors. This feature still affects the history of Germany after the end of the empire. It caused a short period of high democratic brilliance represented by Weimar Constitution in the period of Weimar Republic, and it also made the anti-political modernization more and more intense. It eventually led to the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the birth of the third Nazi Reich.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K516

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