简论加拿大早期铁路发展（1850—1870年代）

发布时间：2018-01-21 19:01

本文关键词： 加拿大早期的铁路沿海省圣劳伦斯贸易体系　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 从某种意义上看，铁路是加拿大各个方面取得发展的先行者，是加拿大联合的促进因素，同时也是加拿大改变殖民地身份，融入世界的推动力。铁路在加拿大的历史上有着举足轻重的地位，它在促进经济繁荣、政治统一、文化融合、社会发展等方面都发挥了重要作用。19世纪30年代，美国兴起的“铁路热”扩展到了加拿大。相对于水路运输而言，铁路运输方便、快捷，尤其适合在加拿大这样国土面积广阔的国家内发展。19世纪50—70年代加拿大进入早期铁路发展时期。其间经历了50年代以及60年代两次高潮。几十年间，加拿大铁路的发展几乎是经历了从无到有，从有到逐渐发展壮大的过程，并为以后的发展奠定了基础。作为一项新技术，铁路的应用是人类进步的标志。作为较晚进入发展的资本主义国家，加拿大铁路应用也大多步其他国家的后尘。铁路技术、材料多从英、美进口，但加拿大铁路的发展也有其自身的特点，而这些特点在早期铁路的发展过程中体现的更为明显。铁路在其他国家是工业革命的补充，更多的意义体现于增强经济发展方面，但在当时加拿大这一以农业为主，依靠水路运输为传统的国家中，铁路可谓是工业革命的主角。在铁路的带动下各种制造业开始蓬勃的发展起来。同时，早期铁路对于加拿大的政治意义较之其他国家更为重大。长期以来的殖民地身份使加拿大的各地区有着很深的地方保护主义意识，隔阂、淡漠成为了各地区的主旋律，但在铁路业发展起来之后，这些现象逐渐消失。人们曾将加拿大的铁路发展作为贯通血脉的行为。的确，没有铁路就很可能没有各地区的联合，而如果没有这种联合，今天的加拿大这个国家就可能不会出现。可见，早期铁路在加拿大的历史上有着绝对举足轻重的意义。本文分四个部分。第一部分主要介绍加拿大早期铁路建设兴起前的国内和国际环境。深入探讨是什么原因促使加拿大加入这股铁路建筑的大潮中，并简要地介绍了在50年代铁路高潮到来之前所修建的几条短小的铁路，是它们为加拿大此后大规模的修建铁路拉开了序幕。第二部分内容着重介绍加拿大早期铁路建设时期韵第一次筑路高潮。此次高潮正值英、美大规模兴建铁路时期。铁路成为当时世界上最有利可图的事业。在经济利益的驱动下，投资者在加拿大大兴铁路。虽然这段时间的铁路出于经济利益的考虑多集中于圣劳伦斯水路周围，是水运的补充。即使最终没有很好地实现经济目的，但铁路作为一项新型的运输技术使加拿大传统贸易运输渠道得到了扩展，繁荣了加拿大的经济，并为下一次铁路高潮的到来打下了一定的技术基础。第三部分着重介绍加拿大早期铁路建设时期的第二次筑路高潮。与第一高潮有所不同的是，60——70年代铁路建设多是由政治原因带动的。进入60年代，加拿大面对的美国威胁在不断加大，曾经的贸易优惠的消失使殖民地人民不得不寻求自身发展的道路。“联合”成为了人们的首选，此时铁路发挥了它在促进政治联合中的巨大作用，以铁路修建为条件促进联合成为了加拿大第二次铁路修筑高潮中的一个特点。以铁路为“骨骼”建立起来的加拿大自治领又通过铁路不断壮大，为最终加拿大成为一个从海洋到海洋的国家打下了坚实的基础。第四部分在前三部分的基础上集中论述加拿大早期铁路发展的特点和意义。加拿大早期铁路的发展有着不同于当时欧美铁路发展的很多特点。在铁路建筑过程中的材料、技术使用，以及铁路发展中政府所起到的巨大作用都是其特点。同时早期铁路的发展对于加拿大又有着极其重要的意义。它在促进加拿大经贸发展、政治统一、社会进步方面的作用较之其他国家更为重大和全面。总之，对于加拿大早期铁路的研究无论是在加拿大铁路史上还是在加拿大社会发展史上都具有十分重要的意义。铁路在加拿大早期发展的历史中所起的作用是其他国家不能比拟的。它是加拿大国家形成的骨骼，经济发展的血脉，关系着加拿大社会的方方面面。
[Abstract]:In a sense, is the forerunner of Canadian railway development in all aspects, is a promoting factor of the Confederation and Canada also changed the colonial identity into the world of the driving force. Railway plays an important role in Canadian history. It promotes economic prosperity, political unity, cultural integration, social development etc. have played an important role in the.19 century in 30s, the rise of "railway hot" extended to Canada. Relative to the waterway transportation, railway transportation is convenient, fast, especially suitable for the development of the.19 century 50 - 70s Canada into the early period of railway development in Canada this kind of vast land area in the country. During 50s and 60s two climax. For decades, the development of Canadian railway came from scratch, from there to the gradual development and growth process, and to The development of the post has laid the foundation.
As a new technology, the application of railway is a symbol of human progress. As late into the development of the capitalist countries, Canada Railway applications are mostly of other countries in the footsteps of railway technology, materials from Britain, the United States imports, but also has its own characteristics in the development of Canadian railway, and these characteristics in the early development process the railway is more obvious. The railway is a supplement of the industrial revolution in other countries, more significance in promoting economic development, but at the time of Canada that was dominated by agriculture, rely on water transportation for traditional country, railway is the protagonist. The industrial revolution driven railway manufacturing began to flourish. At the same time, the early railway for the Canadian political significance is more important than other countries. The long colonial status in different regions of the Canada has a very deep The local protectionism consciousness, alienation, apathy has become the main theme of the area, but after the railway industry developed, these phenomena gradually disappear. People have the development of Canadian railway as through blood behavior. Indeed, it is not possible without a railway joint in every region, and if there is no such association, today this country is Canada. There may not be visible, early railway has very important significance in Canadian history.
This article is divided into four parts.
The first part mainly introduces the development of Canadian railway before the domestic and international environment. The thorough discussion is what prompted Canada join the tide of railway construction, and briefly introduces several short built in 50s before the climax of the railway railway, which opened the prelude to Canada after the massive construction of railway.
The second part mainly introduces Canada early railway construction period. The first road rhyme climax climax when the British, the large-scale construction period. The railway railway became the most profitable business in the world. Driven by economic interests, investors in Daxing railway. Although considered Canada out of economic interests in this period are more concentrated in railway around the St. Lawrence River, the water is added. Even if there is no good to realize economic purpose, but the railway as a new technology for Transport Canada traditional transport channels have been expanded, the prosperity of the Canadian economy, and to lay a technical foundation for the railway next climax.
The third part focuses on second of the early period of Canadian railroading climax. With the first climax is different, from 60 to 70s, railway construction is driven by political reasons. In 60s, the United States Canada face threat continues to increase, easy preferential trade had disappeared and the colonies had to seek their own development the road. "United" has become the first choice of the people, the railway played a huge role in promoting the political union, to promote joint conditions for railway construction has become a feature of Canada second railway construction climax. To the railway as a "skeleton" established the dominion of Canada through the railway unceasingly. To become a Canada from sea to sea countries laid a solid foundation.
The fourth part focuses on the basis of the three parts discusses the characteristics and significance of early Canadian railway development. There are many different characteristics in the development of the European and American Railway Development Canada early railway. The use of technology in the process of railway construction in the material, and the tremendous role of the government, railway development plays are its characteristics. At the same time, the development of early railway for Canada and has an extremely important significance. It promotes economic development, social progress and political unity of Canada, the role compared to other countries is more important and comprehensive.
In short, for the study of Canada early railway both in Canadian railway history or in the history of the development of Canadian society has a very important significance. The role of railway in the early development of Canadian history in other countries can not match. It is the Canadian national formation of bones, the blood of economic development, the relationship with Canada every aspect of the society.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K711.4

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