托勒密二世时代对外关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 04:52

本文关键词： 托勒密二世对外关系埃及马其顿塞琉古　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：托勒密二世统治时期既是托勒密王国创建的初期阶段，又是希腊化世界统一帝国瓦解、诸强并立格局形成的重要阶段。本文通过研究托勒密二世领导下的埃及与希腊化世界中不同国家和地区之间的关系，探讨了托勒密二世的对外策略和埃及与各类国家及地区的政治、经济和文化等方面的关系，以及这些对外活动与埃及国内政治、经济和文化等领域的联系。第一章首先介绍了亚历山大帝国的形成与解体过程，以及希腊化时代初期的政治格局。说明虽然在继承者战争中主要各方都试图拥有整个亚历山大帝国，但是事实上任何一种政治力量都无法稳固地控制地域如此广阔的国家，结果初步形成了几个主要希腊化王国共存并且争夺希腊化世界主导权的局面。其次分析了托勒密王朝初期在埃及的专制统治，说明托勒密王朝的对外活动是在专制君主决策下，以埃及的综合国力为基础，以满足托勒密王国的经济需求和安全需要以及扩大政治影响力为目的行动。第二章探讨了托勒密二世与希腊和马其顿以及爱琴海地区主要政治力量的关系。为了维护托勒密王国在东地中海地区的势力范围，托勒密二世积极拉拢各方势力牵制和打击敌对国家。首先，托勒密二世支持希腊城邦的反马其顿斗争，利用海军控制了爱琴海上的岛屿。其次，托勒密二世利用伊庇鲁斯王国维持希腊化世界的力量均势。再次，托勒密二世为了维护托勒密王国在希腊和爱琴海地区的优势地位，与统治马其顿王国的安提柯二世进行了长期斗争。第三章探讨了托勒密二世与叙利亚和小亚细亚地区的国家以及与塞琉古王国之间的关系。对于叙利亚地区，，托勒密二世进行严密的政治控制和经济控制。对于小亚细亚的中小国家，托勒密二世通过控制沿海地区和运用制海权来对当地国家形成制约。另一方面托勒密二世比较尊重当地国家并且注意满足其利益需求，因此即便对当地国家失去控制力以后彼此之间也可以保持较为友好的关系。托勒密王国与塞琉古王国在多个方面存在利益冲突。托勒密二世通过第一次叙利亚战争维持了对叙利亚和小亚细亚沿海地区的控制，在第二次叙利亚战争中面对不利局面，托勒密二世能够及时与安条克二世媾和并且利用联姻打破了马其顿王国与塞琉古王国的同盟，为托勒密三世的成功反击奠定了良好基础。第四章集中讨论了在托勒密二世的决策下，托勒密王国在努比亚地区和红海沿岸地区展开扩张行动。托勒密二世通过组织探险考察活动和发动征服战争击败了南方的库什王国等国家和部落，控制了努比亚地区。对南方的扩张首先确保了埃及南部边境的安全并且获得了努比亚地区的矿产资源；其次为托勒密王国获得大象等动物资源提供了保障，这在一定程度上满足了建立战象部队的需要；再次利用在红海沿岸地区建立的基地，开辟了红海交通线，这样做既有助于进一步探索东非地区又提高了托勒密王国在东西方贸易中的地位。托勒密二世时代的各种经济文化交往活动表明希腊化世界已经成为一个有机的整体，而一系列有限度的战争冲突反映出希腊化世界三强鼎立的格局已经形成。充满政治智慧的托勒密二世顺应这种趋势，运用政治、军事、经济、文化和宗教等多种手段扩大了托勒密王朝的影响力，促进了东西方的经济文化交流，巩固了托勒密国王自身的统治。
[Abstract]:The early stage is to create the kingdom of Ptolemy during the reign of Ptolemy S, and the Hellenistic world unified empire collapsed, the formation of an important stage of the strong independent pattern. In this paper, the relationship between different countries and regions of Egypt and the Hellenistic world of Ptolemy S under the leadership of the foreign policy of Ptolemy II of Egypt and with various countries and regions the relationship between political, economic and cultural aspects, and these activities with the Egyptian domestic political, economic and cultural fields.
The first chapter introduces the formation and disintegration of the Alexander Empire, and early Hellenistic politics. Although in the war the main successor parties are trying to have the Alexander Empire, but any kind of political power in fact can firmly control the country region so broad, the initial formation of several major Greek the kingdom of the Hellenistic world coexist and compete for dominance situation. Followed by analysis of the Ptolemy Dynasty in the early period of authoritarian rule in Egypt, Ptolemy Dynasty activities in despotic monarch decision-making, to Egypt's comprehensive national strength as the foundation, to meet the needs of the economy and security needs of the kingdom of Ptolemy and the expansion of political power for the purpose of action.
The second chapter discusses the relationship between the main political forces of Ptolemy S and Greece and Macedonia and the Aegean Sea area. In order to maintain the Ptolemy kingdom in the eastern Mediterranean region's sphere of influence, Ptolemy II actively courting all forces and combat contain hostile countries. First of all, Ptolemy II to support Greece anti Macedonian struggle, the Navy took control of the Aegean islands. Secondly Ptolemy II of Epirus, by maintaining the balance of power in the Hellenistic world. Once again, Ptolemy II in order to maintain the kingdom of Ptolemy in Greece and Aegean Sea area dominant position, and the rule of the kingdom of Macedonia Antigonus II fought a long battle.
The third chapter discusses the relationship between Ptolemy S and Syria and Asia Minor region of the country and the Seleucid kingdom. For Syria, Ptolemy II of political control and economic control strictly. For small and medium-sized countries in Asia Minor, Ptolemy S through the control of the coastal areas and the use of the sea to the formation of local state constraints. On the other hand Ptolemy II comparison respect the local and national attention to meet the needs and interests, so even after the local countries lose control between each other can also maintain relatively friendly relations. The kingdom of Ptolemy and the Seleucid kingdom there is a conflict of interest in many aspects. Ptolemy S maintained control of Syria and the coast of Asia Minor by the first Syria war, in the face of unfavorable situation in the second Syria war, Ptolemy S timely and Antiochus II and the marriage broke the peace of Macedon and the Seleucid Kingdom Alliance, laid a good foundation for the success of Ptolemy Sans's counterattack.
The fourth chapter discusses the decision of Ptolemy II, Ptolemy Kingdom expanded operations in Nubia region and the Red Sea coast area. The Ptolemy S expedition through the organization of activities and make war defeated the southern kingdom of Kush and other countries and regions. The Nubian tribe, control of the southern expansion of the first to ensure the safety of the border in southern Egypt and the Nubian area of mineral resources; secondly, provide a guarantee for the kingdom of Ptolemy for elephants and other animal resources, which meets the need of establishing elephants forces to a certain extent; again based on the Red Sea area of the base, opened the red sea traffic line, do not help to further explore and improve in East Africa the status of the kingdom of Ptolemy in the East West trade.
The Ptolemy S era a variety of economic and cultural exchanges activities show that the Hellenistic world has become an organic whole, and a series of limited war reflects the world three pattern of Greece has been formed. Full of political wisdom Ptolemy S conform to this trend, the use of political, military, economic, cultural and religious and other means to expand the influence of the Ptolemy Dynasty, promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the west, to consolidate its rule of King Ptolemy.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K411

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