1902年英国对华修约外交

发布时间：2018-01-22 08:40

本文关键词： 英国中国修约外交　出处：《华东师范大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1902年英国对华修约外交，是19世纪末20世纪初世界历史特别是中英关系史上的重要事件，也是英国外交史乃至那个时期国际关系史上的一个重要问题。中英双方通过谈判，签订了《续议通商行船条约》。本文将这次修约外交置于英国国际地位的变化特别是在华优势地位的变化的历史大背景下予以考察，期望通对修约全过程的透视，剖析列强间为修约而进行的明争暗斗，着力从英中两个视角来理解中英《续议通商行船条约》的特殊性，进而分析1902年英国对华修约外交对中英双方及其他列强的影响。文章主体由三部分组成，外加绪论和结语。绪论部分，对1902年英国对华修约外交这个问题的国内外研究状况进行了梳理。指出目前的研究取得了很多成果，但仍有许多地方值得进一步深入研究。本文拟把这一历史事件放在英国国际地位变化的背景下，同时从中英两个视角来研究。第一部分，扼要回顾了英国对华修约，英国在国际舞台上的优势地位，英国是世界头号强国，在中国拥有优势地位。但从19世纪70、80年代开始，由于在华利益受到挑战，英国被迫调整对华政策：参与列强在华势力范围的划分，强租租借地，争夺铁路修筑权，努力保持并巩固对中国海关的控制，逐步放弃传统的“光荣孤立”政策，，试图与一些国家结成联盟。第二部分，从中英双方的不同角度分析了1902年英国对华修约的动因，回顾列强间为修约而进行的争斗，重点阐述了英国与中国商约谈判的内容和过程。认为英国不满意于对华政策的调整，从而回复到了以前以商业(经济)利益为主的对华政策，1902年英国对华修约是对华政策调整的一次具体体现。第三部分，在整体把握1902年英国对华修约外交的基础上，较深层次地探讨了这次修约外交对中英双方的影响，以及由此而引发的一系列问题，特别是列强对中国海关控制权的争夺。指出清政府在条约上实现“增加关税”这个大目标的同时，多少挽回了一些权利；英国在条约上实现了“裁厘”夙愿，又获得其他多项特权。结语部分，通过全文的论述，认为1902年英国对华修约既是英国对华政策调整的结果，又是英国对华政策调整的一个具体表现。正由于英国对华政策的调整加上其他的一些因素，使中英《续议通商行船条约》具有其他中外不平等条约所没有的特殊性。英国对华政策的调整是被迫的，当然，无论英国对华政策是以经济为主，还是以政治为主，都是对中国的掠夺。英国的对华政策调整后，虽然经过1902年英国对华修约外交等一系列的努力，也取得一些成效，但是效果非常有限，英国再也不能恢复以前那种别国无力竞争、无法撼动的在华优势地位了。
[Abstract]:In 1902, Britain's treaty diplomacy with China was an important event in the early world history, especially in the history of Sino-British relations at the end of 19th century and 20th century. It is also an important issue in the history of British diplomacy and even the history of international relations in that period. Signed the Treaty of Trade and Shipping. This article will be the treaty of the diplomatic changes in the international status of Britain, especially in China under the historical background of the changes in the dominant position to be examined. In order to understand the particularity of Sino-British Treaty of Trade and Shipping, the author expects the perspective of the whole process of treaty revision, analyzes the conflicts between the great powers for the revision of the treaty, and tries to understand the particularity of Sino-British Treaty of Trade and Shipping from the two perspectives of Britain and China. In 1902, the influence of Britain's treaty-revision diplomacy on China and Britain and other powers was analyzed. The main body of the article consists of three parts, plus introduction and conclusion. In the introduction part, the author reviews the domestic and international research on the issue of Britain's treaty amendment to China in 1902, and points out that many achievements have been made in the present research. However, there are still many places worthy of further study. This paper intends to put this historical event under the background of the change of Britain's international status and to study it from both Chinese and British perspectives. In the first part, the author briefly reviews the British contract to China, Britain's dominant position on the international stage, Britain is the world's number one power, and has a dominant position in China. But since 19th century. Since 80s, because of the challenge to its interests in China, Britain has been forced to adjust its policy towards China: to participate in the division of powers' sphere of influence in China, to lease land and to compete for the right of railway construction. Efforts to maintain and consolidate the control of Chinese customs, gradually abandon the traditional "glorious isolation" policy, and try to form alliances with some countries. The second part, from the different angles of China and Britain, analyzes the causes of Britain's treaty revision to China in 1902, and reviews the struggle between the great powers for the revision of the treaty. This paper focuses on the content and process of the negotiations between Britain and China. It considers that Britain is not satisfied with the adjustment of its China policy, and thus returns to the former China policy, which is dominated by commercial (economic) interests. In 1902, the British amendment to China was a concrete embodiment of the adjustment of China policy. The third part, on the basis of the overall understanding of Britain's treaty revision diplomacy to China in 1902, discusses the influence of this treaty revision diplomacy on both China and Britain, and a series of problems arising therefrom. Especially the scramble for the control of Chinese customs by the foreign powers. It is pointed out that the Qing government achieved the goal of "increasing tariff" in the treaty, and at the same time, at the same time, more or less recovered some rights; Britain fulfilled its longstanding wish for a treaty and gained many other privileges. The conclusion part, through the full text discussion, thinks that in 1902 the British amendment to China is the result of the adjustment of the British policy towards China. It is also a concrete manifestation of the adjustment of British policy toward China, which is due to the adjustment of British policy towards China and some other factors. So that the Sino-British Treaty of Trade and Shipping with other Chinese and foreign unequal treaties do not have the particularity. The adjustment of Britain's China policy is forced, of course, whether Britain's China policy is mainly economic or political, it is plunder on China. Although a series of efforts such as Britain's treaty diplomacy to China were made in 1902, some achievements were also made, but the results were very limited, and Britain could no longer restore the inability of other countries to compete in the past. Unshakable dominance in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K257;K561.444

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