家国命运与时代风云：从多达《人生指南》看九世纪中叶加洛林社会变迁

发布时间：2018-01-24 17:47

本文关键词： 多达《人生指南》加洛林王朝威廉妇女　出处：《东北师范大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本学位论文以9世纪中叶加洛林王朝的一部贵族妇女多达所著的训子家书《人生指南》为主要研究对象。具体说来就是:以多达的《人生指南》为中心,对其丰富内涵和独特特征加以细密考察;以多达这位女性的生平与塞普提曼尼亚的伯纳德家族的兴衰为纽带,探究个人、家族、国家、社会之间的相互关系;从一位妇女、一个家庭、一个家族的命运观察加洛林社会的变迁;反过来,以社会变迁来对《人生指南》的内涵做出解说,从变动不居的社会环境来对一位妇女、一位母亲的情怀加以揭示;从各种社会集团之间的政治较量、斗争,对一个家庭、一个家族命运给出答案。重点是将这部文献置于加洛林社会整体发展之中,来判断、评价其所表述的内容、诉求的社会价值和时代意义;并同其他历史文献相互印证,认识、揭示个人、家庭、家族命运与国家、社会、时代的关系;来展示加洛林社会中诸种矛盾、冲突和斗争,进而寻求对西方文明早期阶段整个法兰克社会深入和真实的认识。在探究和撰写过程中,笔者坚持历史唯物主义史观为理论指导;坚持存在决定意识、社会存在决定社会意识的基本原理;坚持具体问题具体分析的研究方法;力求做到个案探究与整体分析相结合,即个人、家庭、家族的命运与社会、时代的历史运动相结合。笔者力求做到史料研读与理论认知相结合,即回归原始史料文献,一切皆从史料文本出发,结合社会运动历史,来看取所研究对象的历史价值与意义。为此本人搜集了《人生指南》、《王室法兰克年代记》等原始史料文献(英文、中文译本)11种,16篇。坚持运用历史学、文献史料学等诸种成熟的分析方法,又借鉴诠释学(阐释学)、文化史、社会史、文明史,宗教学等学科的方法理论。为此笔者搜集了英文各类学术文献70种,中文文献30余种。全文整体结构由主体内容和辅助内容两大部分组成,其中引言、正文(四章)和结语等三部分为正文的主体内容;以文献目录、王朝世系、家谱图表和后记等为辅助内容。引言:共分三节。分别主要就选题缘起和主要研究对象做一陈述交代;对所涉及的国内外,特别是20世纪70年代以降的西方学界的研究状况和主要相关史料、学术研究文献加以综述;并对全文的研究方法和基本思路、结构框架等加以扼要说明,为正文论述的展开做一铺垫。正文:共分四章。各章主要内容为:第一章:共分四节。主要是从文献学和学术史两个视角,对《人生指南》这一文献的版本、抄本的存续、流传;撰写语言、体例;篇章结构;主要内容以及17世纪以来西方文献学界、语言文学界、史学界对其整理、编辑和翻译以及认识的基本脉络和基本评价予以介绍。笔者还对当今西方学术界的各种研究论著等文献进行了一定程度的梳理,对上个世纪下半叶以来晚近一个时期,西方学术界从女性史、社会史、教育史、政治史等各种角度和层面,对多达著述的各种探析和研究态势加以简要评估。第二章:共分四节。前两节主要是结合各种历史文献所载史实和学术文献中所反映的当今学界的研究成果,对8、9世纪之间的加洛林王朝与贵族、王朝统治与贵族政治之间的某些密切关联特征加以梳理和认识;对塞普提曼尼亚伯纳德家族与加洛林王室的渊源;伯纳德的先祖功绩和该家族兴起过程等加以概要梳理。第三节主要是对多达本人的考察、分析。鉴于有关其本人史料极度匮乏,笔者从当时各种史料中,对多达的出身、婚姻、所受教育等状况加以辨析,尽可能地将有血有肉有灵魂思想的多达个性面貌呈现出来。而在第四节中,笔者欲从为人母、为人妻的特定角色和身处孤独、病患等特殊境况等多位角度出发,来透视多达这位女性内心之中的挚爱、忧患与哀怨,从而探究多达之所以要撰著这部著述的实际心理缘由。第三章,共分三节。本章主要是以文本分析方法,紧密结合文献自身内容,分别从信仰、忠诚、修身和家族观念意识等四个维度或层面,集中地对《人生指南》这部文献进行深度剖析。在勾勒多达所表达的“望子成龙”期冀中,辨析多达本人内心的理想价值模式中,揣摩价值取向;在多达鼓励其子追求完美的催促中,寻觅其所奉行的奉君之术与交友之道;从多达内心之虔诚、华丽之笔法和喋喋不休的反复述说中,体悟维系、延续家族血脉的个体诉求;尽可能以细密分析,来展示一位独特贵族女性的精神世界,并看取其同加洛林时代与社会总体精神状态之间的关系。第四章,共分三节。前两节主要展示和论及多达本人之渴望、期盼与其子威廉和其夫君伯纳德之悲惨的政治下场结局之间的巨大反差;并力求在展示这些巨大反差的同时,揭示加洛林时代贵族政治的充满私利的运行机制和极端残酷的争斗性质。第三节则主要以多达次子小伯纳德及其子孙的命运来展示9世纪下半叶伯纳德家族的复兴之势,这种复兴伯纳德、威廉父子及其家族悲惨境遇构成了又一种反差。同时又从史诗传奇或英雄传奇所体现的伯纳德家族在后世民间诗人吟唱中的荣耀与现实和历史文献中所载伯纳德家族凄惶命运之间的巨大反差。笔者在文中就上述这些反差的“历史”给予评述,从而对以个人、家庭、家族为一方,以国家、社会和时代为另一方的加洛林时代的历史进行互动分析。结论,共分两个部分。一是对前述诸章节所述内容加以归纳总结。1、《人生指南》一书无论其作者身份、性别,还是其书写内容、撰著体例都极具特色,是当时唯一一部由世俗女性著述的文献,唯一一部由母亲撰写的“训子家书”类著述。2、以多达的《人生指南》这一著述为中心,对其丰富内涵和独特特征加以细密考察;以多达这位女性的生平与塞普提曼尼亚的伯纳德家族的兴衰为纽带,探究个人、家族、国家、社会之间的相互关系;以社会变迁来对《人生指南》的内涵做出解说,从变动不居的社会环境来对一位妇女、一位母亲的情怀加以揭示;对一个家庭、一个家族命运给出答案。3、对多达的出身、婚姻、所受教育等状况加以辨析,尽可能地将有血有肉有灵魂思想的多达个性面貌与特征呈现出来。从为人母、为人妻的特定角色和身处孤独、病患等特殊境况等多位角度出发,来透视多达这位女性内心之中的挚爱、忧患与哀怨,进而探究多达之所以要撰著这部著述的实际心理缘由。4、从信仰、忠诚两个维度,并兼顾修身和家族观念意识等层面,集中地对《人生指南》这部文献的主旨和内涵进行深度剖析。展示一位独特贵族女性的天国人间,古今一体,信仰上帝,忠于父君的精神世界。5、从多达本人及其家族命运与社会、时代之间的三种反差,揭示9世纪法兰克社会历史运动的复杂性、多样性和戏剧性。二是简要论及笔者所获得一些感受,其着眼点主要在史料文献对史学研究的根本意义、研究视野的拓展与原始文本的细密分析、继续研究的空间、中国悠久的历史和丰厚的文献对此研究的借鉴意义等四个方面。
[Abstract]:< > from training child life guide in this thesis in mid ninth Century Carlovingian a up to the noble women as the main research object. Specifically: to as many as "Life Guide" as the center, to detailed investigation on its rich connotation and unique characteristics; to life and as many as the Sepp women this provided the rise and fall of the Bernard family as a link, to explore personal, family, country, social relationship between; from a woman, a family, a family of social change the fate of observation of the Carolingian; in turn, the social changes to the connotation of "life" guidelines for making interpretation, from the unsettled social environment to a woman, a mother's feelings to be revealed; from the struggle between various social groups, political contest, a family, a family's destiny to answer. This paper will focus on the offer The development of the whole society, to judge and evaluate the expression of content, social value and the significance of the times demands; and with other historical documents confirm each other, reveal the individual, family, society, family and national destiny, the era of relations; to show all kinds of contradictions of the Carolingian society, conflict and struggle, and to seek in the early stages of the Western civilization of the whole society into the frank and real understanding. In the research and writing process, the author insists on historical materialism as the theoretical guidance; to decide the existence of consciousness, social existence and social consciousness determines the basic principle; research methods to analyze specific issues; and strive to do the case research method combined with the overall. Analysis of personal, family, the fate of the family and society, the historical movement combination. The author tries to do the historical study and the theory of cognitive combination, namely the return of the original historical text Xian, everything from the historical perspective of text, combined with the history of social movements, from the point of view of the object of study of historical value and significance. Therefore I collected life guide < >, < > chronicles the original Royal Frankish documents (Chinese and English, 11), 16. Insist on the use of history, literature and historical materials etc. the mature analysis method, and draws lessons from Hermeneutics (Chan Shixue), cultural history, social history, history, theory and method of religion and other disciplines. The author collected English of academic literature 70, Chinese documents more than 30. The overall structure consists of two parts, the main content and the content of the introduction of auxiliary, text (four chapters) and conclusion. The three part is the main body of the content; in the bibliography, Dynasty genealogy, genealogical chart and postscript as auxiliary content. Introduction: it is divided into three sections. The main topics were the main research object and reason make a statement Metasomatism; on the research status at home and abroad, especially in academic circles in 1970s of the West and the main historical materials, academic research literature review and research methods; the full text of the basic ideas and framework, to do a brief description, paving the way for the expansion are mainly discussed. The main body is divided into four chapters:. The main contents of each chapter are as follows: the first chapter: it is divided into four sections. Mainly from the two perspectives of literature and academic history of this literature guidebook > < version, copy the existence of spread; writing style; language structure; main contents as well as since seventeenth Century western literature circles, language in literature, historiography of the arrangement, and basic evaluation basic context editing and translation and understanding to be introduced to a certain extent. The author also analyzed the literature in the western academic circle and various research works, since the second half of the last century In a period of time, the western academic circles from the women's history, social history, education history, political history and other aspects, a brief assessment of the various analysis and research situation of up to writing. The second chapter is divided into four sections. The first two is mainly a combination of various historical documents and historical facts contained in the academic literature reflected in the current academic research results, to the 8,9 century between the Carolingian Dynasty and the nobility, to sort out and realize some closely related characteristics between the ruling dynasty and aristocratic origin; this provided the Bernard family and the Carolingian royal of the ancestors of Bernard and Sepp; merit the family to rise. The third section mainly review analysis of the investigation, as many as himself. In view of the lack of historical data from the author himself, at the time of various materials, up to the birth, marriage, education and other conditions to discrimination, as far as possible Can the soul thought as much as true to life personality aspect. In the fourth section, the author will from the mother, as a wife and a specific role in isolation, illness and other special circumstances such as a point of view, the perspective of female heart as much as love, suffering and sorrow, so as to explore the reason why up the actual writing this psychological reason works. The third chapter is divided into three sections. This chapter is mainly based on the text analysis method, combined with the literature itself, separately from the faith, loyalty, morality and family awareness of the concept of four dimensions or aspects, in-depth analysis of "life Guide > this literature focus. In the outline of up to the expression of the" 12 "period of Hebei, up to my inner ideal value mode, try to figure out the value orientation; in up to encourage the pursuit of the perfect son urged, for which they pursued in Jun The operation and the way of making friends; from as many as inner piety, gorgeous style and repeated the chatter without stop, understanding the individual demands of maintaining, continue the family line; as far as possible to the detailed analysis, to show a unique noble spiritual world of women, and the relationship between the Carolingian era and society overall mental state the fourth chapter is divided into three sections. The first two mainly deals with the show and as many as I desire, a huge contrast between the expectations of his son William and her husband Bernard's tragic fate and political ending; and at the same time show the huge contrast, revealing the aristocracy of Carolingian era full of interests and the operating mechanism of extreme cruelty the battle of nature. The third section mainly takes up the second small Bernard and the sons of destiny to show the second half of ninth Century, the Bernard family revival, the revival of Bernard William. Father and son and family misery constitute a contrast. The huge contrast between the Bernard family and the tragic fate of the hero from the epic saga or legend of the Bernard family in the later folk poets sing the glory and the reality and historical literature. The author contrasts these "history" comments in the text thus, for personal, family, family is a party, the country, the society and the times to the other side of the Carolingian era in the history of interaction analysis. The conclusion is divided into two parts. One is on the aforementioned chapters of the content to summarize.1, "Life Guide" a Book of identity, no matter the author of the sex, or the writing content, writing style is very unique, was the only works by the secular women's literature, only a mother to write a "training sub class writing letter".2, "refers to the life to as many as This works South > as the center, to detailed investigation on its rich connotation and unique characteristics; to life and up to the female Sepp Bernard family provided the rise and fall of this as a link, to explore personal, family, country, the relationship between the society; social change in connotation of "life" guidelines for the interpretation. From the unsettled social environment to a woman, a mother's feelings to be revealed; for a family, a family of destiny answers.3, up to the birth, marriage, education and other conditions to analyze as much as possible will have as many as true to life soul of ideological outlook and personality characteristics from the mother, as a wife and a specific role in isolation, illness and other special circumstances such as a point of view, the perspective of female heart as much as love, suffering and sorrow, and up to the written inquiry This works the actual psychological reason of.4, from the two dimensions of faith, loyalty, and both moral and family awareness of the concept level, in-depth analysis focus on the "Life Guide > this literature theme and connotation. Showing a unique aristocratic women in heaven on earth, and a belief in God, loyal to the body. Father you the spiritual world of.5, and his family members from as many as three kinds of life and the society, the contrast between the times, Ninth Century Frank to reveal the complexity of social historical movement, diversity and dramatic. The two is briefly discussed the author get some experience, its focus mainly on the fundamental significance of literature history research, fine development research the vision and the original text of the analysis, to study space, the four aspects of Chinese long history and abundant literature on this reference.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K13

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