希腊人的困境与出路：色诺芬《希腊史》研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 19:59

本文关键词： 色诺芬《希腊史》史学古希腊　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在前人研究的基础上，结合色诺芬的全体著作和古希腊史背景，借鉴现代史学理论的发展，对色诺芬《希腊史》的内容和思想进行了研究，阐述了他对城邦危机中希腊人困境和出路的思考；并通过对该书史学风格的总结分析，展现了色诺芬与希罗多德和修昔底德历史写作的不同特点。全文除导言和结语外，共有五章。导言部分重点综述了国内外对色诺芬的认识和研究，对相应的观点进行了评论，指出了其中的成就和不足；阐明了论文的研究思路与方法。第一章探讨了色诺芬的思想背景与他的历史探究之间的关系，并分析了色诺芬写作《希腊史》的目的。前5世纪末到前4世纪希腊城邦危机的主要表现，苏格拉底对色诺芬的影响和色诺芬的人生历练，构成了色诺芬的思想背景，，也深刻影响了他的《希腊史》的写作目的——思考希腊人的困境与出路。第二章结合希腊人对技艺的一般观点和色诺芬丰富的技艺观，探讨了《希腊史》对军事技艺的展现。良好的军事技艺是希腊城邦维护独立和正义利益的力量基础，色诺芬之所以在历史写作中特别注重展现实践中的军事技艺，目的就是使其史著有利于启发希腊城邦改善自身的军事技艺。第三章探讨了《希腊史》从三个方面对城邦内外关系的展现与思考。其中包括城邦内部不同派别的斗争及僭主式统治的出现，城邦之间霸权与反霸权的斗争，和希腊与波斯之间的复杂关系。色诺芬通过对这三方面关系的叙述，力图证明城邦内外关系中存在确定的正义，并反思了当时狂热的泛希腊主义思潮。第四章结合希腊神学思想背景与色诺芬的神学观，探讨了《希腊史》中对正义和神意一致性的展现，并指出色诺芬这样做的目的是为城邦内外关系中的正义建立起神明强有力的支持。色诺芬这样无意宣扬一种宿命论，而是要凸显人在历史困境中坚持正义时所表现出来的高贵之美。第五章对《希腊史》相比于希罗多德和修昔底德史著的特点进行了分析，主要论述了《希腊史》叙述技巧和风格方面的特色，并结合色诺芬的其他作品论述了历史与救赎视角下《希腊史》的独特魅力。结语部分总结了色诺芬《希腊史》对希腊人困境与出路的深刻思考，并指出了其历史的和时代的意义。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies the content and thought of Xenophen's Greek History, based on the whole works of Xenophon and the background of ancient Greek history, and drawing on the development of modern historiography theory. This paper expounds his thoughts on the plight and outlet of the Greeks in the crisis of the city state. By summing up and analyzing the historical style of the book, it shows the different characteristics of Xenophon's historical writing with Herodotus and Thucydides. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are five chapters in the full text. The introduction mainly summarizes the understanding and research of Xenophen at home and abroad, reviews the corresponding viewpoints, points out the achievements and shortcomings, and clarifies the research ideas and methods of the thesis. The first chapter discusses the relationship between Xenophon's ideological background and his historical inquiry, and analyzes the purpose of Xenophon's writing the Greek History. The main manifestation of the Greek city-state crisis from the end of 5th century to 4th century. The influence of Socrates on Xenophen and his life experience constitute the ideological background of Xenophen, and also deeply influence the writing purpose of his Greek History-to think about the plight and outlet of the Greeks. The second chapter combines the general view of the Greeks on technology and Xenophen's rich view of technology. This paper discusses the display of military skills in the History of Greece. Good military skills are the power foundation of the Greek city-states to safeguard the interests of independence and justice. Xenophen paid special attention to the practical military skills in historical writing in order to enlighten the Greek city-states to improve their military skills. The third chapter discusses the display and reflection of the relationship between the city-states and the city-states from three aspects, including the struggle of different factions within the city-states and the emergence of tyrant rule, the struggle between the city-states and the anti-hegemonic power. Through the narration of these three relations, Sanofen tries to prove the existence of definite justice in the relations between the inner and outer city-states, and to reflect on the fanatical trend of pan-Hellenism at that time. Chapter 4th combines the background of Greek theology and Xenaufen's theology, and probes into the unity of justice and divinity in the History of Greece. It is pointed out that the purpose of Sanofen is to establish a strong divine support for justice in the relations between the city and the outside. Sanofen does not intend to preach a fatalism. It is to highlight the noble beauty that people show when they insist on justice in the historical predicament. Chapter 5th analyzes the characteristics of Herodotus and Thucydides compared with Herodotus and Thucydides, and mainly discusses the characteristics of the narrative techniques and styles of the History of Greece. It also discusses the unique charm of Greek History from the perspective of history and redemption in the light of Xenophon's other works. In the conclusion part, the author summarizes the profound thinking about Greek predicament and outlet in Xenophon, and points out the significance of its history and times.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K125

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