明治宪法体制下的旧民法延期问题再探讨

发布时间：2018-01-26 05:38

本文关键词： 旧民法明治宪法体制松方内阁伊藤内阁　出处：《史林》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：1892年6月12日日本第三次帝国议会通过民法商法施行延期法律案,并不意味着旧民法延期问题就此定案。在明治宪法体制下,议会通过的法案尚需经政府上奏天皇裁可,方能具有法律效力。事实上,无论是在酝酿时期、还是法案通过之后,松方内阁中都有不顾议会决议、断行法典的强硬主张。尽管岌岌可危的松方内阁无力实施断行,但也始终未将法典延期案上奏天皇批准。此举为其继任者伊藤内阁赢得了重新考量法典问题的余地。伊藤内阁以明治元勋的政治影响力为后盾,在政府内部设立法典施行调查委员会,讨论法典是否需要延期,夺回了对法典命运的决定权。由于法典施行委员会在旧民法延期问题上难以达成统一,该问题仍必须由伊藤内阁以政治决断的方式作出决定。最终,在第四次帝国议会召开前夕,伊藤内阁将延期法案上奏天皇裁可。尽管旧民法最终延期,但不能将之简单视为政府消极遵循议会的主张,根本上还是伊藤内阁基于自身立场的考量。
[Abstract]:In June 12th 1892, Japan's third Imperial Assembly passed the Civil Law and Commercial Law to implement the extension of the law, does not mean that the extension of the old civil law is decided. Under the Meiji Constitution system. Bills passed by Parliament have yet to be passed by the Government before they have the power of law. In fact, in fact, during the gestation period and after the passage of the bill, the loose Cabinet disregarded parliamentary decisions. The tough idea of breaking the code, though the precarious loose cabinet was unable to do so. But the extension was never approved by the emperor, which gave his successor, Ito, a political influence backed by Mr. Meiji's political influence, room to reconsider the code. A commission of inquiry into the implementation of the code was set up within the government to discuss whether the code should be extended and the decision on the fate of the code was retaken. It was difficult for the commission to agree on the extension of the old civil law. The issue still had to be decided by the Ito Cabinet in a politically determined manner. Eventually, on the eve of the 4th Imperial Assembly, the Ito Cabinet would extend the bill to the emperor's ruling, even though the old civil code was eventually extended. But it cannot be seen simply as the government's passive adherence to parliament's views, but ultimately the Ito cabinet's own position.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学人文学院;
【分类号】：K313.41
【正文快照】： 明治民法典于1898年4月颁布,7月施行,至今已逾百年。它诞生于全球第二次法典化浪潮,与德国民法典(1896)并列,被视为在近代大陆法系法典化过程中,继法国民法典之后的两部标志性法典之一。同时,它也是东亚历史上第一部近代民法典,直接影响了包括我国在内其他亚洲国家的民法立法

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