事件与记忆之间的德国“历史学家之争”

发布时间：2018-01-27 01:57

  本文关键词： 历史学家之争 恩斯特·诺尔特 于尔根·哈贝马斯 事件 记忆　出处：《浙江大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1986-87年的“历史学家之争”作为二战后联邦德国最为重要的知识分子争论之一,对其历史政治文化和历史科学的发展都造成了十分重要的影响。本文在系统回顾“历史学家之争”全过程的基础上,从事件和记忆两个层面出发,对这场争论的形象及其形成原因作了描述与分析,以便进一步对其作出评价。 本文除绪言与结语外,主体一共分为三部分: 第一部分,细致地考察了“历史学家之争”爆发、推进和终结的过程及其后续发展。在争论中,以历史学家为首的德国知识界围绕着国家社会主义,在历史事实、研究方法和学术伦理等多个层面上展开了争论。而在最初的激烈讨论过去后,争论转而进入使自我历史化的层面,开始以另一种方式发挥着影响。 第二部分,在事件史的视角下从三方面分析了“历史学家之争”作为一场史学争论所具有的独特面貌。联邦德国当时的政治文化背景与历史学科内部的派别斗争,导致在这场争论中形成了两大格外针锋相对的阵营;而作为一场主要在大众媒体上进行的史学争论,在继之的德国史学争论中日益彰显的标志性特征已经在其中得到了反映;与此同时,历史研究活动之哲学性和社会政治性也在这场争论中被分外明显地折射了出来。 第三部分,从历史科学和公共领域两个角度分析了“历史学家之争”在记忆中所具有的形象。一方面是历史学家内部由于代际差异所形成的对于学科与职业不同的自我定位,另一方面是争论参与者在这场争论中不同的个人体验,导致了这场争论在不同的个人和群体那里具有不同的形象。而大众媒体持久的介入也决定性地影响了对争论的回忆和纪念。 总之,作为一场非纯学术性的史学争论,“历史学家之争”是联邦德国国内一些持续了一段时间的现象和趋势的集中表现。通过这场争论,历史科学及其学科记忆的开放性得到了展现与强化。
[Abstract]:1986-87 years of Historikerstreit as the Federal Republic of Germany after World War II, the most important one of the intellectual debate on its historical development, political culture and history of science have a very important influence. Based on the review of the whole process of "historians dispute" system, starting from the two aspects of events and memory. The debate of the image and its causes are described and analyzed, in order to further to evaluate them.
In this paper, except the preface and epilogue, is divided into three main parts:
The first part examines in the Historikerstreit outbreak, advance and end of the process and its subsequent development. In the debate, the German intelligentsia to historians led around the socialist country, in many aspects of historical facts, research methods and academic ethics on the debate. In the past the initial discussion after the debate turned into the history of the self start level, another way to play.
In the second part, from the perspective of the event history analysis of "unique appearance has historians dispute as a historical argument from three aspects. At the time of the Federal Republic of Germany within the political and cultural background and historical subjects of factional struggle, resulting in this debate has formed two big foreign tit for tat camp; as a the historical debate mainly in the mass media, in the following signs of German historiography debate becomes more and more obvious characteristics have been reflected in them; at the same time, the history of research activities and social and political philosophy is particularly obviously refracted out in this debate.
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