19世纪上半期墨西哥的农业发展模式与现代化道路

发布时间：2018-01-29 18:54

本文关键词： 大庄园村社小农场现代化　出处：《史学集刊》2012年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：殖民地时期,在墨西哥中央地区的农村,庄园与村社之间形成了一种虽不平等、但相互依存的关系。殖民地后期,由于人口数量回升、商品关系的发展,大庄园利润上升,村社农民地位下降。独立后,由于大庄园主因经济困难而被削弱,墨西哥的农业从主要满足大城市市场的大庄园商品性生产为主,转向主要以满足自身消费和部分满足地方市场的村社、租佃农、小农场生产为主,出现了一种向"小农制"转变的农业发展模式。这一变化不仅仅给农民带来了直接的经济利益,而且为快速的经济增长和更加平等的分配创造了条件。但19世纪末,在迪亚斯的独裁统治下,墨西哥的农业重新回到了大庄园商品生产的模式,下层农民的处境不断恶化,阶级矛盾日趋尖锐,终于导致了1910年的墨西哥革命。
[Abstract]:During the colonial period, in the rural areas of central Mexico, there was an unequal but interdependent relationship between manors and village communities. In the latter part of the colony, the development of commodity relations resulted from a rise in population. After independence, due to the economic difficulties, the agriculture of Mexico was mainly from the commodity production of large manors, which mainly satisfied the market of big cities. Mainly to meet their own consumption and part of the local market to meet the village community, tenant farmers, small farm production. A pattern of agricultural development has emerged that has shifted to a "smallholder system", a change that has not only brought direct economic benefits to farmers. Conditions were created for rapid economic growth and more equitable distribution, but in late 19th century, under Diaz's dictatorship, Mexican agriculture returned to the pattern of commodity production on large estates. The situation of the lower-class peasants worsened and class conflicts became increasingly acute, leading to the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
【作者单位】：北京大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“拉丁美洲农业与农村社会的变迁”(10JJD770021)
【分类号】：F373.1;K731
【正文快照】： 在对拉丁美洲与东亚地区现代化道路的比较研究中,学者们普遍注意到拉丁美洲的大地产制度与东亚新兴工业化国家和地区(例如韩国和台湾)的小农制度的明显差异,并将其与拉丁美洲现代化的滞后和东亚地区现代化的成功相联系。那么,这两个地区为什么会形成不同的农业发展模式?拉美

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