19世纪后期纽约市民娱乐的变迁

发布时间：2018-01-31 23:05

本文关键词： 城市化工业化市民娱乐大众文化移民　出处：《河南大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 纽约市是世界著名的文化中心和娱乐天堂,纽约文化和娱乐的兴盛和发展也是几百年积淀的结果,尤其是19世纪中后期纽约工业化和城市化的结果。所以研究这一时段纽约的娱乐变化,有利于我们了解城市化和工业化时期,美国大都市生活方式的变化和美国文化调整和革新。 1624年荷兰人决定向新发现的北美大陆移民,建立了新尼德兰殖民地,新阿姆斯特丹——即后来的纽约市——是这个殖民地的首府。在荷兰人的统治下,新阿姆斯特丹的城市娱乐具有明显的荷兰特色,又染上了新阿姆斯特丹的放纵色彩,新阿姆斯特丹人喜欢喝酒、滑冰、游船等。新阿姆斯特丹黑人娱乐也具有典型的荷兰特色,并把这一特色保存到英国殖民地时期。 1664年新阿姆斯特丹成为英国的殖民地,更名为纽约。纽约积极从事商业走私和航海贸易,支持英国的争霸战争,极大的增加了纽约商人的财富。纽约人积极学习伦敦,要求在生活上更加文明和优雅,这包括娱乐文化。所以,纽约人先后从英国引进了一系列的英国流行娱乐,如猎狐、赛马、戏院等。 1783年纽约从政治上与英国相脱离,但在娱乐文化上并不排斥英国特色,并且继续模仿英国的流行时尚,如欢乐公园。随着时代的发展,纽约的娱乐文化也越来越本土化,越来越具有美国特色,甚至是纽约特色,如19世纪上半期诞生的稀奇博物馆、吟唱表演等。然而随着纽约娱乐业的成熟,各个阶层产生了不同的娱乐文化需求,从而导致了纽约市阶层矛盾的紧张,并且产生了纽约的贵族和共和主义是否相容的问题。19世纪前期爱尔兰和德国籍移民也大量拥进美国,这些移民在对美国文化的认同时,也力求保存本民族的文化特色。但事实证明了这一时期移民建立起属于自己本族特色的文化是困难的。 19世纪中后期的纽约和整个美国一样,工业化和城市化交织进行,纽约经历了巨大的变化,包括娱乐文化的改变。娱乐人群扩大了、娱乐形式广泛化和娱乐内容多样化。19世纪末20世纪初,女性和移民开始加入娱乐大军。另一方面,纽约娱乐更加具有包容性。针对这一时期广泛出现的移民文化,纽约的主流文化也开始进行吸纳和融合,从而实现了移民文化对美国主流文化的认同,增强了社会稳定性。这一时期纽约娱乐业产生了各种问题,不过这些问题并不是这一时期产生的,而是百年传递下来的结果。 19世纪后期纽约娱乐文化变更的原因是多方面的,既有快速城市化的因素,如住房条件和环境的变更,也有工业化刺激的因素,如因工业化带来的部分女性的经济自由,更有移民的因素,是多个因素相互作赢得结果,但最根本的是经济结构的转换带了的社会财富的增长。
[Abstract]:New York City is a world-famous cultural center and entertainment paradise. The prosperity and development of New York's culture and entertainment is also the result of hundreds of years of accumulation. Especially in 19th century, the results of industrialization and urbanization in New York. Therefore, the study of the entertainment changes in New York during this period is helpful for us to understand the urbanization and industrialization period. The changes in American metropolitan lifestyle and the adjustment and innovation of American culture. In 1624, the Dutch decided to emigrate to the newly discovered continent of North America and established the New Niederland colony, the capital of the colony, New Amsterdam-later New York City-under Dutch rule. New Amsterdam's urban entertainment has an obvious Dutch character, but also the color of New Amsterdam's indulgence, New Amsterdam people like to drink, skating. New Amsterdam Black Entertainment also has a typical Dutch character, which was preserved in the British colonial period. In 1664, New Amsterdam became a British colony, renamed New York, which actively engaged in commercial smuggling and navigation, and supported the British hegemony war. It greatly increased the wealth of New York businessmen. New Yorkers actively studied London, demanding a more civilized and elegant life, including entertainment culture. New Yorkers have introduced a series of popular British entertainment from England, such as fox hunting, horse racing, theatres, etc. In 1783, New York was politically divorced from Britain, but did not reject British characteristics in its entertainment culture, and continued to emulate British fashion, such as Happy Park, with the development of the times. New York's entertainment culture is also becoming more and more local, with more and more American characteristics, even New York characteristics, such as the first half of 19th century birth of rare museums, singing performances, etc. However, as the New York entertainment industry matures. Different classes have different entertainment cultural needs, resulting in tension between the New York City class. And the question of whether New York's aristocrats and republicanism are compatible. In the early 19th century Irish and German immigrants also poured into the United States, these immigrants in the recognition of American culture. But the fact proved that it was difficult for immigrants to establish their own culture. In 19th century, New York, like the entire United States, was intertwined with industrialization and urbanization. New York underwent tremendous changes, including changes in entertainment culture. The entertainment population expanded. Extensive forms of entertainment and diversification of entertainment content. At the end of the 19th century and early 20th century, women and immigrants began to join the entertainment army. On the other hand. Entertainment in New York is more inclusive. In view of the immigrant culture which appeared widely in this period, the mainstream culture of New York also began to absorb and integrate, thus realizing the identity of immigrant culture to the mainstream culture of the United States. This period created problems in the entertainment industry in New York, but these problems were not the result of this period, but the result of centuries passed down. In 19th century, the reasons for the change of entertainment culture in New York were various, including the factors of rapid urbanization, such as the change of housing conditions and environment, and the factors of stimulating industrialization. For example, the economic freedom of some women brought about by industrialization and the factors of emigration are the result of many factors winning each other, but the most fundamental factor is the increase of social wealth brought about by the transformation of economic structure.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.44

【引证文献】