外债问题与奥斯曼帝国的深层危机

发布时间：2018-02-03 09:48

本文关键词： 晚期奥斯曼帝国外债问题公债管理处帝国危机　出处：《世界历史》2014年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：奥斯曼帝国并不是由于外债而亡国,但探讨外债问题,可以揭示奥斯曼帝国逐渐衰弱、几度危机直至最后瓦解过程中的一些细节问题。虽然帝国政府的税收收入和贸易收入一直是增长的,但赶不上军费、警务开支和其他行政费用的增长。由于财政困难未能从根本上得到解决,政府被迫举债。奥斯曼政府不同时期举借外债的原因不同,外债规模也有差异。为清偿债务而成立的公债管理处,带给奥斯曼帝国直接的益处和深层的危害。这个机构化解了帝国的外债危机,但其职能扩大之后深入奥斯曼帝国的各个领域,对帝国的政府管理和普通民众的观念均产生了重要影响,同时削弱了帝国臣民对统治者的忠诚。
[Abstract]:The Ottoman Empire did not die because of foreign debt, but exploring the problem of foreign debt can reveal the gradual decline of Ottoman Empire. Several crises until the final collapse of some of the details of the process. Although the imperial government's tax revenue and trade revenues have been rising, but not enough to keep up with military spending. The increase in police and other administrative costs. The Government was forced to borrow because the financial difficulties could not be fundamentally resolved. The reasons for the Ottoman Government's borrowing of foreign debt varied from time to time. There were also differences in the size of foreign debt. The Public debt Administration, established to pay off debts, brought direct benefits and deep harm to the Ottoman Empire. This institution defused the Empire's external debt crisis. But its function expanded into various fields of the Ottoman Empire, which had an important influence on the government management of the empire and the concept of the ordinary people, and weakened the loyalty of the imperial subjects to the rulers.
【作者单位】：山西大学历史学院;
【基金】：山西省高等学校优秀青年学术带头人支持计划资助项目“晚期奥斯曼帝国与中国晚清的差异——从衰退根源比较”(2011)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K551
【正文快照】： 在奥斯曼帝国被外债问题所困扰的时候,西方学者就已开始关注并研究奥斯曼帝国的财政和金融。除了一些报刊的评论文章,20世纪的第一个十年就有莫拉韦茨的《土耳其财政》和比列奥提的《奥斯曼帝国银行》两本书1问世。1929年出版的布莱斯戴尔的《欧洲对奥斯曼帝国的财政控制》2一

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