“门户开放”与太平洋经济圈的初步构建

发布时间：2018-02-04 03:10

本文关键词： 门户开放政策太平洋经济圈初步构建中国美国　出处：《江西师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “门户开放”政策是美国外交史上的一项重要政策,也是对中国近代史产生重大影响的一项政策。国内外学者对此进行过诸多研究。本文基于马克思关于殖民主义双重作用的重要论断,从今天经济全球化和区域经济一体化的角度出发,对这一传统课题进行了重新考察。根据我们的研究,美国发布“门户开放”照会或声明至少有四次,它们构成了“门户开放”政策的完整内容,而且其内涵经历了从对中国的贸易自由到在中国的投资权利的深刻演变。在“门户开放”的旗帜下,美国的经济势力很快侵入中国市场。无论商品贸易还是资本投资,美国在二十世纪上半叶的中国市场都拥有了重要地位,由此也建立了中美之间的较为密切的经济联系,这标志着太平洋经济圈的初步构建。因为作为太平洋沿岸两个面积最大人口最多的国家,中美之间的经济联系可以延展到太平洋地区的其它国家。在太平洋经济圈的初步构建过程中,日本因其特殊的地位、用其特殊的方式起到了比较重要的作用。一方面,日本与美国和中国都有密切的经济联系,而此时中美之间也已经建立了比较密切的经济联系,由此中美日三国成为了其时太平洋经济圈的核心国家。另一方面,日本由于侵占了中国台湾和满洲等地、吞并了朝鲜,它与这些殖民地之间的经济联系也发展起来,由此使东亚地区成为了当时太平洋经济圈的一个次级一体化区域,促进了太平洋经济圈的进一步构建。然而,“门户开放”下初步构建起来的太平洋经济圈是一个畸形的经济圈。其畸形性主要表现为:“门户开放”政策是列强强加于中国的;“门户开放”受一系列不平等条约的庇护;列强与中国之间的贸易是不平等的;列强对中国商品实行歧视性关税政策;列强对中国的劳务输出实行歧视政策,等等。新中国成立后,我们重新掌握了国家主权。此时中国应该积极调整和发展对外经济政策,利用旧中国初步构建的太平洋经济圈的积极面,向世界自主开放。但囿于社会主义排斥市场经济的僵化教条,我们错失了良机。直至十一届三中全会我国实行改革开放政策后,重新抓住了机遇。历史的教训,值得我们深思。
[Abstract]:The "open door" policy is an important policy in the history of American diplomacy. It is also a policy that has a great influence on the modern history of China. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on it. This paper is based on Marx's important conclusion on the dual role of colonialism. From the angle of today's economic globalization and regional economic integration, this traditional subject is re-examined. According to our research, the United States has issued at least four "open door" notes or statements, which constitute the full content of the "open door" policy. Moreover, its connotation has undergone a profound evolution from the freedom of trade to the right to invest in China, under the banner of "open door". American economic power quickly invaded the Chinese market, which had an important place in the first half of 20th century, whether in commodity trade or capital investment. This also established closer economic ties between China and the United States, marking the initial construction of the Pacific Economic Circle, which is the two largest and most populous countries on the Pacific coast. Economic ties between China and the United States can be extended to other countries in the Pacific. During the initial construction of the Pacific Economic Circle, Japan played a more important role in its special way because of its special position. On the one hand, Japan had close economic ties with the United States and China. At this time, China and the United States have also established closer economic ties, thus China, the United States and Japan became the core countries of the Pacific economic circle at that time. On the other hand, Japan invaded China, Taiwan, Manchuria and other places. The annexation of Korea and the development of its economic ties with these colonies made East Asia a sub-integrated region of the then Pacific economic circle. It promotes the further construction of the Pacific economic circle. However, the Pacific Economic Circle initially constructed under "Open door" is a deformed economic circle. Its malformation is mainly manifested in: the "open door" policy was imposed on China by the big powers; "Open door" is sheltered by a series of unequal treaties; Trade between the powers and China is unequal; The foreign powers carry out discriminatory tariff policies on Chinese goods; The foreign powers discriminate against China's labor export, and so on. After the founding of New China, we have regained the sovereignty of the country. At this time, China should actively adjust and develop its foreign economic policy and take advantage of the positive aspects of the Pacific economic circle initially constructed by the old China. But because of the rigid doctrine of socialism rejecting the market economy, we missed the opportunity until the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee adopted the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, and grasped the opportunity again. It is worth pondering.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712;K14

【引证文献】