第二届艾森豪威尔政府的亚洲政策

发布时间：2018-02-04 17:46

本文关键词： NSC5429／5 西太平洋集体防务安排亚洲自由国家经济集团东北亚政策东南亚政策 NSC5913／1　出处：《东北师范大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 从朝鲜战争开始，中美关系进入长期敌对状态，美国不再考虑用拉拢中国的方式分裂中苏同盟。艾森豪威尔政府上台后，美国全球冷战战略的重点转向亚洲。1954年下半年，美国国家安全委员会相继制定了NSC5429／2和NSC5429／5号文件。这两份文件正式把中国确立为美国亚洲战略的首要敌人。通过对上述文件实践过程的详细考察，本论文揭示了艾森豪威尔两届任期内美国亚洲政策的演变，使人们对美国政府内部围绕亚洲政策问题产生的矛盾和冲突，有了—个更加清楚的认识。第二届艾森豪威尔政府时期，，亚洲形势出现了许多新变化，国家安全委员会对1954年制定的亚洲政策进行了重新审查，并出台了NSC5913／1号文件。这份文件既是对NSC5429／5号文件实施结果的总结与归纳，又反映了20世纪50年代后期，国际形势的新变化对美国亚洲政策的影响。通过分析NSC5913／1号文件的制定过程和主要内容，本论文向人们提供了一幅20世纪50年代后期美国亚洲政策的完整画面。此外，本论文还站在地区政策的角度，认真审视了第二届艾森豪威尔政府的亚洲国别政策，并对亚洲政策中的一些地区性问题进行深入研究。在亚洲安全保障方面，讨论了“西太平洋集体防务安排”构想的兴衰，在经济领域探讨了美国的政策如何从提高对亚洲经济援助的水平，转变为促进亚洲的地区性经济合作与发展。除前言及结论外，本论文分为六章。前言部分概述国内外学术界在艾森豪威尔政府亚洲政策问题上的研究现状，指出其不足之处。在此基础上选定第二届艾森豪威尔政府的亚洲政策作为博士论文的题目。第一章考证了NSC5429／2及NSC5429／5这两份文件的形成过程和基本内容，概括了艾森豪威尔政府亚洲政策的特点。第二章着重论述了艾森豪威尔政府的亚洲集体安全政策。论文指出，NSC5429系列文件提出来的“西太平洋集体防务安排”，是艾森豪威尔政府亚洲政策的一项重要内容。但是，这一构想并非凭空产生，它与杜鲁门时期的太平洋公约有某种因缘关系。而且，与太平洋公约的命运相类似，山于韩、菲、台等始终不愿与日本结成休戚与共的关系，“西太平洋集体防务安排”构想也是以失败而告终。20世纪50年代后期，处理与东南亚条约组织的关系是美国亚洲集体女全政策的另一项重要内容。美国曾考虑通过扩大东南亚条约组织的方式，把亚洲的各种防务条约连为一体。但是，这并非轻而易举之事。而且，东南亚条约组织本身存在的问题也使它难以发挥美国所期待的作用。第三章考察了“亚洲自由国家经济集团”构想的提出及其夫败。这一章特别研究了美国与“科伦坡计划”的关系。这是因为，“亚洲自山国家经济集团”构想的提出，与美国对“科伦坡计划”的重新评价有很大关系。而且，美国最终放弃“亚洲自山国家经济集团”构想，也是囚为美国在亚洲战略上开始采取与英国协调的方针，从而不便于在“科伦坡计划”问题上拆英国的台。第二届艾森豪威尔政府亚洲经济政策的重点，是在原有援助水平的基础上，通过加强“科伦坡计划”组织来促进亚洲的地区性经济合作与发展。第四章的主要内容是中美对抗与美国对日、对韩政策的。调整。第五章研究了第二届艾森豪威尔政府的东南亚政策。这一章包括三个部分，一是帖“61y1及帖“沁9号文件的形成，二是美国对菲律宾的政策，二是美国与亚洲中立主义的关系。最后一章考察了第二届艾森豪威尔政府重新审查和制定亚洲政策的过程，以及美国对亚洲国别政策的再调整。结论部分从比较史学的角度出发，对亚洲冷战与欧洲冷战的区别进行深入考察。这种区别表现在各个方面，例如：在对亚洲的援助政策上美国始终坚持以军事援助为主：在贸易管制方面美国始终不放弃对亚洲共产党国家的高压管制；在亚洲政策上美国与其西欧盟国的分歧比在欧洲大得多；等等。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of the Korean War, Sino US relations have entered a long-term hostilities, the United States no longer used to China way of splitting Sino Soviet Alliance. After the Eisenhower administration took office, the United States focused on global cold war strategy toward Asia.1954 the second half of the year, the U.S. National Security Council adopted NSC5429 / 2 and NSC5429 / 5 documents. These two documents the Chinese established as the main enemy of the United States. Through a detailed study on the above documents practice process, this paper reveals the evolution of Eisenhower's two term U.S. policy in Asia, so that people in the United States government around the Asia policy issues arising from the conflict and have a more clear understanding of the second Eisenhower. In the period of the Asian situation appeared many new changes, the National Security Council conducted a re examination in 1954 to develop Asian Policy , and the introduction of the NSC5913 / 1 document. This document is the implementation and summarizes the results of NSC5429 / 5 documents, but also reflect the influence of the late 1950s, the new changes in the international situation of U.S. policy in Asia. Through the analysis of the NSC5913 / 1, the formation process and the main content, this thesis provides a complete a picture of the late 1950s America's Asia policy to the people. In addition, this paper also stood in the area of policy perspective, carefully examine the Asian country policy second Eisenhower administration, and an in-depth study of some areas of Asia policy. In the aspect of Asian security, discusses the rise and fall of the Western Pacific collective defense arrangement in the economic field, discusses the policy of the United States how to improve the level of assistance to Asian economy, to promote Asian regional economic cooperation and Development.
Besides preface and conclusion, this thesis is divided into six chapters. The research status in the Eisenhower administration's Asia policy on the issue of the preface outlines the academic circles at home and abroad, points out its deficiencies. On the basis of the second selected title of the Eisenhower administration's Asia policy as a doctoral dissertation. The first chapter studied the formation process and the basic content of NSC5429 / 2 and NSC5429 / 5 of the two documents, summarizes the characteristics of the Eisenhower administration's Asia policy. The second chapter focuses on the Asian collective security policy of the Eisenhower government. The paper points out that the NSC5429 series of documents from the Western Pacific collective defense arrangement ", is an important part of the Eisenhower administration's Asia policy. However, this idea is not baseless, it too and Truman periods.
There is a certain relationship between the pact and the Pacific Convention. And it is similar to the fate of the Pacific Convention.
South Korea, Philippines, Taiwan and Japan relationship has been reluctant to form solidarity, "the Western Pacific collective defense
The idea of "arrangement" was also a failure to end in the late.20 century in the late 50s, and to deal with the Southeast
The relationship of the sub treaty organization is another important part of the American collective women's policy in Asia.
The various defense treaties in Asia have been considered in the way of expanding the South East Asian Treaty Organization.
But, it's not easy. Moreover, the Southeast Asian treaty organization itself exists.
The problem also makes it difficult to play the role that America expects. The third chapter examines "Asia's freedom."
The proposal of the concept of the national economic group and its failure. This chapter especially studies the United States and the "family".
The relationship between the Lun Poe plan. This is because of the idea of the "Asian national economy group".
It has much to do with the reappraisal of the "Colombo Plan" in the United States.
The idea of abandoning the "Asian national economy group" is also imprisoned for the US strategy in Asia.
Adopt the policy of coordinating with the UK so that it is inconvenient to dismantle Britain on the "Colombo Plan"
The focus of the second Eisenhower administration's Asian economic policy is on the original aid water
On the basis of peace, by strengthening the "Colombo Plan" organization to promote regional economy in Asia
Cooperation and development. The main contents of the fourth chapter are Sino US confrontation with the United States to Japan and Korea's policy.
The fifth chapter studies the policy of the second Eisenhower administration in Southeast Asia.
It includes three parts, one is the formation of "61y1" and "Qin" Qin 9, and the two is the United States.
Philippines's policy, two is the relationship between the United States and Asian neutralism. The last chapter examines the first chapter.
The two Eisenhower administration reexamined and formulated Asian policy, as well as America to Asia
The conclusion is from the perspective of comparative history and the cold war in Asia.
The difference in the cold war between Europe and Europe is examined in depth. This distinction is manifested in all aspects, such as:
The United States has always insisted on military aid in Asia's aid policy: the trade regulators
The United States has never given up the high regulation of the Communist Party of Asia; in Asia's policy, the United States
The disagreement with its allies in Western Europe is much larger than in Europe; and so on.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K712.5

【引证文献】