荷马史诗中的死亡观念研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 01:44

本文关键词： 死亡观念荷马史诗灵魂命运地下世界葬仪　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：死亡是人类社会不可避免的问题之一,是一个沉重而又历史悠久的话题。荷马史诗中有大量关于死亡的叙述,充分展现了荷马时代古希腊人的死亡观念。荷马史诗由《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》组成,描绘的是公元前10世纪-前7世纪早期的古希腊社会。《伊利亚特》描绘了波澜壮阔的战争场景,其间充斥着英雄们的死亡和荣耀;《奥德赛》则讲述了奥德修斯返乡的故事,也不乏有关死亡的叙述。史诗中的丰富素材是阐释死亡观念的基础。古希腊人关于人死后的想象是具体的。人死后,灵魂将离开身体,这是一种虚无缥缈、没有意识的存在。尸体得到安葬后,灵魂将前往冥府生存。无论生前如何,人死后都来到冥府遭受同样的待遇。冥府中还有诸多神明,如哈得斯、佩尔塞福涅等,他们被称为冥神,掌管着地下世界的秩序。人死亡的最终命运虽早已确定且无法避免,但人仍然可以做出自已的努力,展现人的价值和尊严。荷马史诗中有三场详细描述的葬礼引人注意,分别是帕特罗克洛斯、赫克托尔和阿基琉斯的葬礼。通过分析这三场葬礼,可以总结出荷马时代葬仪停灵-出殡-入葬的基本流程,显贵人物的葬仪还会进行盛大的宴会和竞技会。人们关心、尊重死者,在葬仪中会尽量让死者舒适,并且缅怀死者的光辉和荣耀。相较于迈锡尼时代对死者缺乏尊重的死亡观念,荷马时代的死亡观念更加重视死者,关注死者的个体性和主体性,同时兼有乐生恶死的特点。死亡观念的影响帮助古希腊人建立了关于死亡和生命的价值观念,促进了英雄崇拜的形成,成为古希腊文化甚至整个西方文明人文主义精神的源泉。本文从荷马史诗入手,结合历史学、哲学等方法,梳理了荷马史诗中的死亡叙述,阐释了荷马时代死亡观念的具体内涵,分析了荷马时代死亡观念的影响。
[Abstract]:Death is one of the inevitable problems in human society. It is a heavy and time-honored topic. There is a lot of narration about death in Homer's epic. The Homer epics are composed of Iliad and Odysseus. It depicts ancient Greek society from 10th century to early 7th century BC. Iliad depicts magnificent scenes of war, filled with the death and glory of heroes, and Odysseus tells the story of Odysseus's return. There is also a lot of narrative about death. The rich material in the epic is the basis for explaining the concept of death. The ancient Greeks' imagination about people after death is concrete. After death, the soul will leave the body, which is a kind of illusory thing. There is no conscious existence. When the body is buried, the soul will go to the underworld to survive. No matter what the death, people will come to the underworld to receive the same treatment. There are many deities in the underworld, such as Hades, Persephone, etc. They are called divinities, who govern the order of the underground world. The ultimate fate of human death is long established and inevitable, but man can still make his own efforts. Showing human values and dignity. Homer's epic has three elaborate funerals, one for Paltrow Clos, one for Hector, and one for Achilles. By analyzing these three funerals, We can sum up the basic process of the funeral funeral of the Homer era, and the funeral apparatus of the dignitaries will also have a grand banquet and competition. People will care about and respect the dead, and will try their best to make the deceased comfortable in the funeral ceremony. And to remember the glory and glory of the dead. Rather than the death concept of the Mycenaean era, which lacked respect for the deceased, the Homer era paid more attention to the deceased and paid more attention to the individuality and subjectivity of the deceased. The influence of the idea of death helped the ancient Greeks to establish the values of death and life, and promoted the formation of hero worship. It is the source of humanism spirit of ancient Greek culture and even the whole western civilization. This paper begins with Homer epic and combs the narrative of death in Homer epic with the methods of history and philosophy. This paper expounds the connotation of the concept of death in Homer's time, and analyzes the influence of the concept of death in Homer's time.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K125

【相似文献】