15—17世纪英国约曼阶层的社会研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 14:09

本文关键词： 15-17世纪英国约曼阶层农民分化　出处：《天津师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 15--17世纪是英国由中世纪向近代社会过渡的黄金时段，是位于两个经济萧条期之间的上升周期。在这一阶段，英国社会各个层面发生了显著和深刻的变化，解构和建构并存，变动与适应结合，此时兴起的新型阶层正是变动的结果，笔者在前人研究的基础上，试图对这一新型阶层--约曼做出客观中肯的评价。全文共分为四部分，第一部分介绍了近年来中外学者对约曼阶层的研究概况，重点考察了他们在研究中所提出的理论问题，在此基础上，进一步深入分析，限定研究范围。第二部分阐述了约曼阶层的界定、兴起与演变，准确定位了约曼的组成部分和演变的历程。第三部分分析了约曼阶层的经济地位，着重强调了约曼在圈地运动、土地买卖中的活动以及所引发的经济变革。第四部分论述了约曼阶层的社会地位，他们了解地方情况，负责地区行政管理，平衡各种矛盾，有效地应对了这一时期社会转型带来的波动，同时也为英国赢得了“地方自治之家”的称号。本文认为，现代化的演进是各种因素共同作用的结果，经济结构和社会结构是相辅相成的，处于中间阶层的这一群体引导了社会的主流。在中国，由于专制、宗法社会结构束缚着个体的发展，社会财富递增并不能涵盖农民的贫困化，，中间阶层的阙如导致两极分化的扩大，法治基石是奠基于统治者之上，广大农民的无权或少权状况不利于财富的累积，使中国陷入了治乱交替的循环怪圈中。对约曼阶层的分析表明：培育一个成熟的、理性的中间阶层可以适时的起到平衡作用，对中国的现代化建设也是至为重要的。
[Abstract]:The 15th-17th century was the prime period of Britain's transition from the Middle Ages to the modern society, and it was a rising cycle between the two periods of economic depression. During this period, significant and profound changes took place in all levels of British society, and deconstruction and construction co-existed. The combination of change and adaptation is the result of the new stratum rising at this time. On the basis of previous studies, the author tries to make an objective and fair evaluation of this new class-Yoman. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the research situation of Yoman stratum in recent years, and focuses on the theoretical problems they put forward in the research. The second part expounds the definition, rise and evolution of the Yoman stratum, and accurately orientates the composition and evolution of the Yoman class. The third part analyzes the economic status of the Yoman stratum and emphasizes the Yoman movement. In part 4th, the social status of the Yoman class is discussed. They understand the local situation, are responsible for the administration of the region, and balance all kinds of contradictions. It effectively dealt with the fluctuation brought about by the social transformation in this period, and also won the title of "Home of Local Autonomy" for Britain. This paper holds that the evolution of modernization is the result of a combination of various factors, that the economic structure and social structure complement each other, and that this group of people in the middle class has guided the mainstream of society. The social structure of patriarchal clan restrains the individual development, the increasing social wealth can not cover the poverty of the peasants, the absence of the middle class leads to the expansion of polarization, and the foundation of the rule of law is based on the ruler. The situation of peasants' powerlessness or less power is not conducive to the accumulation of wealth, which makes China fall into a cycle of alternating governance and chaos. The analysis of the Yoman stratum shows that cultivating a mature and rational middle class can play a timely and balanced role. It is also of great importance to China's modernization drive.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.3

【参考文献】