试论罗马帝国的农民问题

发布时间：2018-02-16 12:33

本文关键词： 罗马帝国农民问题影响　出处：《湖南师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 古罗马是以农业立国的，大部分居民是农民。在罗马历史上，农民是农业的主要生产者、财政税收的主要承担者和士兵的主要来源，在罗马国家的发展中起着重要作用。所以，如何对待人数众多的农民是罗马国家面临的一个重要问题，其重要性关系到罗马国家的生存与发展。但是，罗马政府推行的不公平的土地政策和过重的赋税政策等，严重地促进了土地的集中、大庄园的发展以及小农的破产，，从而导致农民丧失土地、负担加重、生活贫困。帝国时期，随着奴隶制经济的衰落、君主专制的加强、官僚机构的膨胀和军事负担的加重，这些问题进一步恶化，从而导致罗马农业的萎缩，并进一步加速了罗马城市的衰落和罗马国家危机的加重。维系帝国统治的两大力量——军队和官僚机构由于缺乏财政上的支撑而无法维持，帝国首先从自身体制上瓦解，到帝国晚期外族入侵时，由于内忧外患的夹击，西罗马帝国的灭亡就不可避免了。全文分前言、正文和结论三个部分。前言主要介绍了国内外史学界有关罗马农业和农民问题的研究成果，并指出本文的观点、创新之处和撰写本文的意义。正文包括四个部分。第一部分简要介绍了罗马帝国的农业、农民和农民问题的产生。第二部分分析了罗马帝国时期农民问题恶化的社会条件，主要从经济、政治和军事三个方面进行分析。第三部分重点介绍了罗马帝国的农民问题，主要有农民的土地问题、负担问题、地位问题和贫困问题。第四部分则分析和总结了农民问题的影响，包括对农业、城市和罗马帝国的影响。结论总结了农民问题与罗马帝国衰亡的关系和我们应该从中吸取的教训。
[Abstract]:Ancient Rome was founded on agriculture, and most of its inhabitants were farmers. In Roman history, farmers were the main producers of agriculture, the main sources of finance and taxation, and the main sources of soldiers, which played an important role in the development of the Roman country. How to deal with the large number of farmers is an important problem facing the Roman country, and its importance relates to the survival and development of the Roman country. However, the unfair land policy and excessive tax policy carried out by the Roman government, etc. It greatly promoted the concentration of land, the development of large manors and the bankruptcy of small farmers, which led to the loss of land, the heavy burden of peasants, and the living of poverty. During the imperial period, with the decline of the slave economy, the autocracy of the monarchy was strengthened. The expansion of the bureaucracy and the increase in the military burden further aggravated these problems, which led to the contraction of Roman agriculture. And further accelerated the decline of the Roman city and the exacerbation of the Roman national crisis. The two forces that held the empire, the army and the bureaucracy, were unable to sustain themselves because of the lack of financial support, and the Empire first broke down from its own institutions. By the late Imperial invasion, due to internal and external attacks, the destruction of the Western Roman Empire was inevitable. The full text is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly introduces the research results of Roman agriculture and farmers in the field of history at home and abroad, and points out the viewpoints, innovations and significance of writing this paper. The text includes four parts. The first part briefly introduces the agriculture of the Roman Empire, farmers and the emergence of the problem of farmers. The second part analyzes the social conditions of the deterioration of the problems of farmers in the Roman Empire period, mainly from the economic, The third part focuses on the peasants of the Roman Empire, mainly the land problem of the peasants, the burden of the peasants, Part 4th analyzes and summarizes the impact of peasant problems, including on agriculture, cities and the Roman Empire. The conclusion summarizes the relationship between the peasant problem and the fall of the Roman Empire and the lessons we should learn from it.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K126

【引证文献】