论尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝老兵福利政策

发布时间：2018-02-17 00:28

本文关键词： 士兵退役文书尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝公民兵募兵制老兵政策　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着共和国对外战争的发展,罗马公民兵制的弊端日渐明显,马略军事改革征募大量无产者,改变了数百年的公民兵制,罗马共和国末期进入军事将领独裁的内战时期。奥古斯都作为恺撒的合法继承人通过灵活的政治手腕和强大的军事力量结束了近半个世纪的内战,以胜利者的姿态统治着整个帝国,对自内战以来集结的军队进行了适当的裁减以适合罗马帝国的发展,同时建立了合理的老兵福利政策安排裁减的30万士兵。他的老兵福利政策意在防止独裁将领进行利益诱惑,或是士兵因生活无法保障而反叛,避免了再次将帝国拖回内战的深渊。他的继承者们继承发展了他的老兵福利政策,本文拟根据现存古典文献及铭文史料对尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝时期的老兵福利政策加以深入探讨,论述内容如下:引言部分,尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝作为共和国的送葬者和帝国的开启者,手握军队这把“利剑”时面对如何“收剑”的问题;同时介绍了古典时期关于罗马史的研究史料并且从中厘清有关罗马军事史研究的相关史料,特别是六篇尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝时期的士兵退役文书为本文研究提供铭文史料进而与文献史料相互佐证。第一部分,叙述了老兵福利政策的渊源:王政时期第六王塞尔维乌斯·图利乌斯(Servius Tullius)根据财产的多寡把市民划分五个等级,五个等级之外的无产者组成百人队作为随军的杂役;共和国时期随着对外战争的发展给与公民兵一定的薪金,马略军事改革后大量无产者以当兵为职业,共和国后期独裁将领建立殖民地安置老兵,分发给老兵战利品。第二部分,探讨尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝时期的老兵福利政策:主要从土地分配、固定薪金、罗马公民权、婚姻等方面论述尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝如何继承共和的传统同时又开启帝国的模式。第三部分,评析尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝老兵福利政策对当时及后世的影响。尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝时期老兵福利政策不是一蹴而就也不是一成不变的绝对政策,在尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝诸帝吸收共和国时期公民兵制和共和国末期将领独裁经验的基础上逐渐形成,但是随着帝国的发展,老兵福利政策又要适应实际需要适时进行调整,尤利乌斯—克劳狄王朝作为共和国的送葬者和帝国的开拓者起着承上启下的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of the Republic's foreign war, the drawbacks of the Roman civil service became more and more obvious. The Marlowe military reform conscripted a large number of proletarians and changed the civil military system for hundreds of years. The end of the Roman Republic entered a period of civil war in which military generals were dictatorial. Augustus, as the legitimate heir to Caesar, ended nearly half a century of civil war with flexible political skill and great military might. Ruled the whole empire victorious, and reduced the troops assembled since the Civil War to suit the development of the Roman Empire, At the same time, a reasonable veterans welfare policy has been established to arrange for the reduction of 300,000 soldiers. His veterans' welfare policy is intended to prevent authoritarian generals from enticing them to profit, or soldiers to rebel because of the insecurity of their lives. To avoid dragging the empire back into the Civil War. His successors inherited and developed his veterans' welfare policy. Based on the existing classical literature and historical materials, this article intends to explore the welfare policy of veterans in Ulius Claudius dynasty. The contents are as follows: introduction, As the mourner of the Republic and the opener of the empire, the Ulius-Claudius dynasty faced the problem of how to "collect the sword" while holding the "sword" of the army. At the same time, it introduces the historical materials of the study of Roman history in the classical period and clarifies the relevant historical materials about the study of Roman military history. In particular, six papers on the retirement of soldiers during the Ulius-Claudius dynasty provide the study with historical materials in inscriptions and then support each other with the historical materials of the literature. The first part, The origin of veterans' welfare policy is described as follows: 6th King Servius Tullius, king of the king's government, divided the citizens into five classes according to the size of their property, and the proletarians who were not in the five ranks formed a hundred men as miscellaneous service with the army; During the period of the Republic, with the development of the foreign war, a large number of proletarians were employed as soldiers after the military reform. In the late period of the Republic, dictatorial generals established colonies to settle veterans and distribute them to veterans' spoils. Part two, Discuss the welfare policies of veterans during the Ulius-Claudius period: mainly from land distribution, fixed salary, Roman citizenship, Marriage and other aspects of the Ulius-Claudius dynasty how to inherit the Republican tradition and at the same time open the model of empire. Part three, Comment on the influence of the Veterans Welfare Policy of the Ulius / Claudius Dynasty on the current and later generations. The welfare policy of the veterans of the Ulius Claudius period was neither overnight nor an unchanging absolute policy. After the emperors of the Ulius-Claudius dynasty absorbed the civil soldier system and the dictatorial experience of the generals at the end of the republic, the welfare policy of veterans had to be adjusted in time with the development of the empire. Ulius-Claudius played an important role as the mourner of the Republic and the pioneer of the Empire.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K126

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