论李承晚时期的美国对韩援助

发布时间：2018-02-17 02:26

本文关键词： 冷战美国韩国援助　出处：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战后,朝鲜半岛光复,美苏之间的矛盾上升为世界的主要矛盾。美国企图凭借自己的超强实力建立在远东地区的独霸地位,苏联则企图获得朝鲜半岛的釜山、仁川等不冻港作为苏联太平洋舰队的基地。中国国民党政府败逃到台湾,使得美国的鹰派分子认为是杜鲁门政府在东北亚实施的“孤立主义”政策导致了南京国民党政府的失败。因此,在朝鲜半岛,美国采取了积极干预的政策。本文将李承晚时期的美国对韩援助分为以下四个阶段： 1945年8月15日朝鲜半岛光复至1948年9月13日美国军政府向韩国政府转交政权为第一阶段。这一时期韩国处于美国军政府统治时期,由于美国的“杜鲁门主义“与苏联的“安全带战略”产生了尖锐的矛盾,导致美苏在朝鲜半岛的合作破裂。美国在朝鲜半岛不再奉行四大国合作的政策,转而支持李承晚在南朝鲜单独建立政权。这一时期的美国援助以救济援助为主,防卫援助为辅。所有美国援助均纳入到“战后占领地区行政救济援助”(GARIOA)中,实施援助的执行单位为美国陆军部。"GARIOA"援助使得南朝鲜社会趋于稳定,摆脱了混乱的局势。 1948年9月13日至1950年6月25日朝鲜战争爆发为第二阶段,这一阶段由于韩国政府已经成立,“战后占领地区行政救济援助”(GARIOA)也相应的终止。这一时期的美国对韩援助以经济援助为主,军事援助为辅。实施援助的主体为美国经济合作署(ECA)。通过这一阶段的美国对韩援助,韩国建立了一支防御型军队,经济较二战前得到恢复并有了一定地发展。 1950年6月25日至1953年7月27日朝鲜战争结束为李承晚时期美国对韩援助的第三阶段。这一阶段的美国对韩援助以防卫援助为主,经济援助具有军事目的,直接服务于朝鲜战场的需要。实施援助的主体为联合国军司令部。通过这一时期的美国对韩防卫援助,韩国恢复了朝鲜战争爆发前的国土,避免了被朝鲜统一的命运。 1953年7月27日至1960年5月3日李承晚辞去总统职务为第四阶段。这一阶段的美国对韩援助以恢复韩国被战争破坏的经济为主要目标。实施援助的主体为美国援外事务管理署(FOA)和美国国际合作署(ICA)。通过这一阶段的美国对韩援助,韩国扩充了军队规模,被动地建立了以轻工业为中心的现代工业体系；通过对韩援助这一工具,美国政府有力地牵制了李承晚自由党政府的“北进统一”政策,避免了第二次朝鲜战争的爆发,并为以后的朴正熙政府实现韩国现代化打下了一定的基础。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the recovery of the Korean Peninsula, the contradiction between America and the Soviet Union to rise as the main contradictions in the world. The United States attempted to establish his super strength in the Far East hegemony, Russia's attempt to obtain the Korean peninsula of Busan, Inchon port as the Soviet Pacific Fleet base. Chinese Kuomintang government fled to Taiwan, the Hawks the United States is that the Truman administration in Northeast Asia "isolationism" policy has led to the failure of the Nanjing Kuomintang government. Therefore, on the Korean Peninsula, the United States take the active intervention policy. The Li Chengwan period of the United States to aid Korea divided into the following four stages:
Recovery of the Korean Peninsula in August 15, 1945 to September 13, 1948 in the U.S. government to transfer power to the South Korean government for the first stage. During this period, South Korea is a United States military government during the reign of the "Truman doctrine" because the United States and the Soviet Union's "safety belt" strategy produces a sharp contradiction, leading to the Soviet Union and the United States on the Korean Peninsula. The collapse of cooperation in North Korea a peninsula is no longer the big four cooperation policy to support the individual Rhee regime set up in South Korea. During this period, U.S. assistance to relief aid, defense assistance as a supplement. All U.S. aid into the post-war occupation area of administrative relief assistance "(GARIOA), aid implementation unit for the United States Army the" GARIOA ". The South Korean aid society tends to be stable, get rid of the chaotic situation.
From September 13, 1948 to June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out in second stage, this stage due to the South Korean government has established "the post-war occupation area of administrative relief assistance" (GARIOA) also terminated. During this period of the U. S. aid to economic assistance, military assistance as a supplement. Main aid for the United States Economic Cooperation Agency (ECA). Through this phase of American assistance to ROK, South Korea established a defensive army, economically recovered before World War II and had certain development.
From June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953 the end of the Korean War Rhee period of American aid for North Korea's third stage. In this stage of the aid was to defend the main economic aid has military purposes, direct service for the war. The main aid to the United Nations command. By this time the United States on the Korean Defense Assistance, South Korea resumed before the outbreak of the Korean War of the land, to avoid being the reunification of Korea's fate.
From July 27, 1953 to May 3, 1960, Rhee resigned as president for the fourth stage. In this stage of the U. S. aid to restore South Korea destroyed by war as the main target. The main economic aid for the United States foreign operations administration (FOA) and the U.S. Agency for International Cooperation (ICA). Through this phase of American assistance to ROK South Korea, expand the size of the army, passively established a modern industrial system with light industry as the center; through this tool to help Korean aid, the U.S. government strongly restrained the Li Chengwan liberal government's "unified North" policy, to avoid the second outbreak of the Korean War, and for the future implementation of the Pu Zhengxi administration in South Korea modernization has laid a certain foundation.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K312;K712

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