1945-1948年美国对捷克斯洛伐克的政策

发布时间：2018-02-21 02:02

本文关键词： 美国捷克斯洛伐克经济援助二月事件　出处：《首都师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1945-1948年美国对捷克斯洛伐克的政策是冷战早期美国对东欧政策的一个缩影。这一时期美国对捷政策体现了它的全球扩张战略,美国在1945-1948年期间对捷克斯洛伐克的遏制政策就是为这一战略服务的。 1945-1948年美国对捷克斯洛伐克的政策有一个形成过程,一方面是从国际形势出发,另一方面也是对苏联政策的反应,主要可分为三个阶段: 第一阶段,美国对苏联解放捷克斯洛伐克基本是默认的,但并不放弃对捷克斯洛伐克的争夺。面临解放捷克斯洛伐克问题时,鉴于美苏战时同盟关系和美苏势力范围的划分,美国默认苏联红军解放捷克斯洛伐克,但美国并没有放弃对这一地区的争夺:二战后,美国要求美苏两国同时撤军;美国在1945-1947年以经济援助为手段影响捷克斯洛伐克政治发展,试图使捷脱离苏联东欧集团。第二阶段,美国加强了对捷克斯洛伐克的攻势,加紧对捷克斯洛伐克进行经济遏制。1947年美国推出马歇尔计划,美国深知苏联不可能按美国的条件接受马歇尔计划,但仍把捷克斯洛伐克等东欧国家包括在内,旨在以此为来离间和瓦解苏联与捷克斯洛伐克的关系。捷拒绝马歇尔计划后,美国推迟给予捷克斯洛伐克的贷款,减少了对其贸易额。第三阶段,1948年捷克斯洛伐克“二月事件”之后,苏联加强了对捷的控制。这一时期,美国通过“非军事行动”来消除或削弱苏联在捷的影响。美国对捷克斯洛伐克实施“隐蔽行动”,即通过隐蔽的政治战、经济战、心理战以及秘密行动和敌对宣传,以此来削弱苏联在捷克斯洛伐克的统治。总的来说,1945-1948年美国对捷克斯洛伐克的政策在美苏政策互动之下逐渐形成了对捷克斯洛伐克的遏制政策。
[Abstract]:The U.S. policy toward Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 was a microcosm of American policy towards Eastern Europe in the early Cold War. American containment policy toward Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 served this strategy. The policy of the United States towards Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 had a forming process. On the one hand, it was based on the international situation, on the other hand, it was the reaction to the Soviet policy, which could be divided into three stages:. In the first stage, the United States basically acquiesced in the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union, but did not give up its competition for Czechoslovakia. In the face of the issue of the liberation of Czechoslovakia, in view of the US-Soviet wartime alliance and the division of the US-Soviet sphere of influence, The United States acquiesced in the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army, but the United States did not give up its struggle for this region: after World War II, the United States demanded that the United States and the Soviet Union withdraw their troops at the same time; in 1945-1947, the United States used economic aid as a means to influence Czechoslovakia's political development. Tried to break away from the Soviet and Eastern European bloc. In the second stage, the United States stepped up its offensive against Czechoslovakia and stepped up its economic containment against Czechoslovakia. In 1947, when the United States launched the Marshall Plan, the United States knew that the Soviet Union could not accept the Marshall Plan on American terms. But eastern European countries, such as Czechoslovakia, are still included as a way to break up relations between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. After the Czech Republic rejected the Marshall Plan, the United States postponed loans to Czechoslovakia. The volume of trade with it has been reduced. In the third stage, after the "February incident" in Czechoslovakia in 1948, the Soviet Union strengthened its control over Czech Republic. The United States uses "non-military action" to eliminate or weaken Soviet influence in Czechoslovakia. The United States carries out "covert operations" against Czechoslovakia, that is, through covert political, economic, psychological and covert operations and hostile propaganda. To weaken Soviet rule in Czechoslovakia. In general, the American policy toward Czechoslovakia from 1945 to 1948 gradually formed a containment policy against Czechoslovakia under the interaction of US and Soviet policies.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712

【引证文献】