美国拓荒时期西部牛仔生活状况及其影响（1866-1885）

发布时间：2018-02-24 21:00

本文关键词： 美国拓荒时期牛仔生活状况牛仔文化牛仔精神　出处：《辽宁大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“牧牛王国”的黄金时期虽然短暂,只有内战后至19世纪80年代中期的20年左右时间,但它在美国编年史上写下了壮丽的篇章。牛仔作为“牧牛王国”的建设者,虽然也仅仅辉煌了20年,但其对美国的经济、政治、文化等方面所产生的影响却是深远的。牛仔为西部开发做出了这样多的贡献,然而人们却只看到他们光鲜亮丽的一面,不曾想过他们刚踏入这片荒芜土地之时所付出的辛勤的劳动和生命的代价,因此,他们的光辉形象是值得歌颂的,但同时也要了解他们的坚强乐观的背后那不为人知的辛酸。牛仔不仅为美国创造了物质财富,而且对美国文化和精神文明产生了深远的影响。有关牛仔的小说、音乐、电影层出不穷,牛仔形象被塑造的如此传奇,牛仔生活被演绎的如此浪漫,牛仔文化被世人代代相传,牛仔精神成为美利坚民族精神的象征,牛仔最终成为了美国不朽的传说。然而,由于人们对牛仔的过分崇拜,牛仔的真实生活被夸大了,再加之文化商的利润驱动,牛仔文化中一些暴力和色情的消极元素也被添加进来。因此,了解牛仔生活的真实一面是非常有必要的,从而能够更加辩证的来看待牛仔文化。同时,牛仔精神也是需要我们来正确对待的,其中的积极因素是需要我们学习和借鉴的,然而种族歧视、个人主义等消极因素也是需要我们抛弃的。本文第一部分从内战后牛仔大量产生的历史背景·做了详细分析,说明牛仔的大量出现并非偶然,而是在“牧牛王国”兴起的基础上产生的。第二部分对牛仔的生活状况作了详细的论述,分别从牛仔的社会关系状况、工作状况、闲暇娱乐状况三个方面作了考察,从而做到尽可能还原牛仔真实生活的目的,同时也让人们充分认识到牛仔的生活是充满艰辛和危险的。第三部分通过对牛仔文化和牛仔精神的具体分析,使人们意识到牛仔文化虽是牛仔留给人类的最宝贵的遗产,但也要辩证的看待牛仔文化;牛仔精神虽然已成为美利坚民族精神的象征,但也要以扬弃的精神来看待牛仔精神。总之,本文旨在对拓荒时期尤其是内战后西部牛仔的生活状况及其影响进行考察的同时,力求使人们了解牛仔的真实生活,从而能够正确的看待牛仔文化及其牛仔精神,这也对我国的西部大开发中人才的发展起到了借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Although the golden age of the "cattle kingdom" was short, only 20 years after the civil war to the middle of 1880s, it wrote a magnificent chapter in the American chronicle. The cowboy was the builder of the "cattle kingdom" Although only 20 years of glory, but its economic, political, cultural and other aspects of the United States has a profound impact. Cowboys have made so much contribution to the development of the West, but people only see their bright side. Never thought of the hard work and the cost of their lives when they entered this desolate land, so their glorious image is worthy of praise, but also to understand their strong optimism behind the unknown bitterness. Cowboys not only create material wealth for the United States, but also have a profound impact on American culture and spiritual civilization. Cowboy life is interpreted so romantic, cowboy culture has been handed down from generation to generation, cowboy spirit has become a symbol of the national spirit of the United States, cowboy has finally become the immortal legend of the United States. However, due to people's excessive worship of cowboys, The real life of cowboys has been exaggerated, and the profits of cultural businessmen have been driven, and some negative elements of violence and pornography in cowboy culture have been added. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the real aspects of cowboy life. So that we can look at cowboy culture more dialectically. At the same time, cowboy spirit also needs us to deal with correctly, the positive factor is that we need to learn and learn from, but racial discrimination, Negative factors such as individualism also need to be abandoned. The first part of this paper makes a detailed analysis of the historical background of the emergence of a large number of cowboys after the internal war, and shows that the emergence of a large number of cowboys is not accidental. The second part makes a detailed exposition on the living conditions of cowboys, respectively from three aspects: the social relations of cowboys, the working conditions, and the leisure and entertainment conditions. In order to restore the real life of cowboys as much as possible, but also to make people fully realize that the life of cowboys is full of hardships and dangers. The third part through the specific analysis of cowboy culture and cowboy spirit, It makes people realize that cowboy culture is the most precious heritage left to mankind, but it should also be dialectically treated with cowboy culture. Although cowboy spirit has become the symbol of American national spirit, it should also be treated with the spirit of sublation. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the living conditions and influence of the cowboy in the pioneer period, especially after the civil war, and at the same time, to make people understand the real life of the cowboy, so as to be able to correctly view the cowboy culture and its cowboy spirit. This has also played a reference role in the development of talent in the development of the western region of our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712

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