二战后越南现代化进程研究（1945-2010）

发布时间：2018-02-25 08:16

本文关键词： 越南现代化进程　出处：《云南大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一种历史必然性,现代化是一切后发国家摆脱落后形成现代国家的必然进程。任何国家的现代化,都是从本国的历史条件、文化传统和社会制度出发,同时吸收外部的积极因素追求有本国特色的现代化价值取向的道路。越南作为一个后发国家,其现代化从启动、发展、对模式的探索和转型且充满了艰辛和曲折。1858年越南成为法国殖民地后被卷入了世界现代化性大潮。1945年越南在印支共的领导下获得了民族独立后开始了对现代化道路的探索,但由于种种原因直到1986年实施革新开放以来现代化才走上正确的道路。研究该国的现代化进程具有重大的理论和实践意义,有助于我们对发展中国家现代化问题和实施赶超型战略的理解,总结发展中国家探索现代化道路的一般规律。通过对越南的个案分析,有助于丰富发展中国家现代化实践与理论范式的研究,对学科建设也有一定意义。为一些后发国家探索一条较成功的现代化道路可起到一定的借鉴作用。本文综合运用历史学、科学社会主义理论、中国和西方现代化理论等理论对越南1945年以来的现代化历史进程及其特点、成就问题与经验教训、现代化水平、模式及走向进行了研究。本文由绪论和正文的第一至第十章和结语构成。绪论主要讨论本论文选题及有关概念的界定、研究意义、研究现状、研究的重点、难点和创新点、研究方法和论文结构安排等。第一章讨论了越南现代化启动的历史背景(1858-1945年)。国际背景是18世纪后期到20世纪初,由英国工业革命开始的世界现代化进程使许多前资本主义国家成为西欧的殖民地和附属国。国内背景是法国入侵和殖民统治对越南的传统社会造成了巨大的冲击,使其发生分化和重组,从根本上改变了在“王朝循环”模式支配下的封建王朝的历史方向,越南被强行纳入资本主义世界体系。在“衰败化”和“边缘化”冲击下,越南在印支共的领导下走向“革命化”,经过义静苏维埃运动和八月革命建立了社会主义政权。越南现代化的启动以19世纪下半叶阮朝的改革为标志。①从阮朝的改革到1945年越南民主共和国成立是越南现代化低度发展阶段②。第二章探讨了两种社会制度影响下的越南现代化进程(1945—1975年)。本章主要论述二战后越南分治下实行社会主义制度下的北方和在资本主义制度影响下的南方现代化进程。本章分为两个时期,一是1945—1954年抗法时期；二是1954—-1975年抗美时期。内容包括,北越社会主义现代化的指导思想和实践效果。美国在南越进行移植美式模式的现代化实践。由于战争的影响,越南错过了1945—1973年世界经济黄金时代①的发展机会。而东亚一些国家则利用越战的机会迅速发展为新兴工业化国家。第三章阐述了越南统一后对社会主义现代化道路的探索及严重挫折(1975—1986年)。越南在1976年建立统一的社会主义共和国,结束了长期国家分裂、南方政治衰败、和社会动乱的局面,成立了具有强大社会动员和整合能力高度集权的现代国家政权,提供了能进行自主型现代化发展的制度保证。但多年战争破坏使越南现代化起点很低,这决定了现代化发展的艰巨性和长期性。由于指导思想和内外政策上的失误,越南再次错过有利的发展时机。虽然从1979年越南开始实施“新经济政策“,但效果有限。直到实行全面革新开放后才进入现代化的正确轨道。第四章讨论革新开放后到东南亚金融危机爆发间现代化建设的情况(1986—-1996年)。越共在1986年12月召开“六大”确定了全面革新的路线。六大成为越南现代化进入新时期的标志。越南在坚持传统社会主义理论合理成分的同时吸收了其他国家现代化理论的有益成份,通过实践逐渐形成具有本国特色的新理论。七大制定了《社会主义过渡时期建设纲领》,使越南现代化进入第一个高速发展期。第五章论述了在苏联、东欧解体和东南亚金融危机的影响和冲击下,越南对现代化战略进行的调整(1997—-2001年)。这时期,越南现代化面临多重挑战：在苏联、东欧的解体的影响下的政治危机；东南亚金融危机影响下的经济危机和腐败影响下的社会危机。鉴于此,越南对政治体制和领导层、现代化的指导思想、经济战略、政策进行了较大幅度的调整,提出了在2020年要基本实现社会主义工业化和现代化的目标。第六章研究了越南现代化进程的第二次快速发展的情况(2001-2006年)。2001年4月,越共“九大”把七大的《建设纲领》加以具体化。在九大思想指导下,越南的现代化进入第二个加速期。但发展中的问题也大量出现。第七章论述了越共十大到十一大间的现代化进程的情况,并分析了今后现代化进程的走向与趋势(2006—2011年)。经过20年的探索,越南已初步形成了具有本国特色的社会主义现代化理论体系和一条适合国情的现代化道路。十大后越南现代化进程又取得重大进展。2011年1月召开的越共十一大为今后现代化道路指明了方向。第八章对1945年以来越南现代化进程成败的经验教训作了分析。对每个阶段现代化获重大进展和遭受挫折的原因从政治体制、经济、社会、外交、文化和军事以及自然地理和资源等方面作了较为深入分析。第九章对越南现代化进程水平进行了综合评价。选用以中科院的两次现代化评价指标体系为主对越南的经济、社会、综合现代化、生态、文化和国际现代化水平作了较系统的量化评价。由于政治现代化的复杂性和特殊性,世界上还没有相关的定量评价体系,因此,对其评价限于定性方面。第十章对越南现代化进程的模式①进行了总结。世界各国在现代化进程中逐步形成了一些具有代表性的发展模式。本章对越南现代化模式的分析包括经济、政治、社会和文化诸多方面的内容。通过分析指出,越南早期现代化启动属于典型的挑战——回应(汤因比的说法)的模式。独立后,北方采取了经典社会主义模式,南方模式则试图建立资本主义模式。革新后,越南现代化模式开始向与东亚模式、中国模式、西方新自由模式相结合的市场化模式转变,形成了具有“越南特色混合型后全能主义模式”。本文的最后一部分内容为结语。对以上各章的内容进行系统的归纳与总结,对本文的主要内容和观点进行升华和提炼。
[Abstract]:As a kind of historical inevitability, modernization is all developing countries to get rid of the backward form the inevitable process of modern countries. The modernization of any countries, are from the historical conditions of the cultural tradition and social system, the positive factors and absorb external characteristics of their pursuit of the value orientation of modern Vietnam as a road. The developing countries, the modernization from the start, development, mode of exploration and transformation and full of hardships and setbacks in.1858 Vietnam became a French colony after being involved in the world modernization tide.1945 Vietnam gained national independence in Indochina were under the leadership of then began to explore the road of modernization, but since the various because until 1986 the implementation of reform and opening-up modernization started on the right path. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the country's modernization process, it will help us to send The problem of modernization in developing countries and the strategy of catching up, summed up the general rules of developing countries to explore modernization road. Through the case of Vietnam's analysis, research is helpful to enrich the theory and practice of developing countries modernization paradigm, but also has a certain significance for the discipline construction. A successful road can play a certain role in reference for some developing countries to explore. In this paper, the integrated use of history, the theory of scientific socialism, China and western modernization theory and the historical process of modernization and its characteristics in Vietnam since 1945, achievements and experience, the level of modernization, mode and trend are studied.
This article is composed of the first to tenth chapters and the conclusion of the text.
The introduction mainly discusses the definition and significance of the topic and related concepts, the current research situation, the key points, difficulties and innovations, research methods and structure arrangement.
The first chapter discusses the historical background of modernization in Vietnam (1858-1945 years). The international background is in late eighteenth Century to early twentieth Century, from the beginning of the British Industrial Revolution of the world modernization process that many capitalist countries of Western Europe to become the former colonies and dependencies. The domestic background is the invasion and colonization of Vietnam's traditional society caused great the impact of the differentiation and reorganization, fundamentally changed the direction of history in "rule of dynastic cycle" mode of the feudal dynasty, Vietnamese were forced into the capitalist world system. In the "decline" and "Marginalization" under the impact of Vietnam in Indochina were under the leadership of the trend of "revolutionary". After nghean hatinh Soviet movement and the August revolution established a socialist regime. Vietnam modernization started to reform the first half of nineteenth Century Ruanzhao marked. From the reform of the Nguyen Dynasty to 1945 The founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was the stage of the low development of Vietnam's modernization.
The second chapter discusses the two kinds of social systems under the influence of the process of modernization in Vietnam (1945 - 1975). The implementation of the socialist system under the capitalist system in the north and the South under the influence of modernization in this chapter after World War II. Vietnam divided this chapter is divided into two periods, one is from 1945 to 1954 against the law two times; 1954 - -1975 America period. Including the North Vietnamese socialist modernization guiding ideology and practice. The practice of modernization in South Vietnam. The American model of transplantation due to the impact of the war, Vietnam missed 1945 - 1973 by the world
The opportunity for the development of the golden age of the golden age, while some countries in East Asia have rapidly developed into a newly industrialized country with the opportunity of the Vietnam War.
The third chapter elaborates the exploration of socialist modernization and a serious setback after the reunification of Vietnam (1975 - 1986). The establishment of a unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976, ended the national division, Southern political decay, and social unrest, set up a strong social mobilization and integration of modern centralized state power can provide, independent development of the modernization of system guarantee. But after years of war, destruction of Vietnam modernization starting point is very low, which determines the arduousness and long-term modernization. The guiding ideology and policy mistakes, Vietnam again missed the favorable development opportunity. Although from the beginning of 1979, the implementation of the "new economic policy in Vietnam", but the effect is limited. The correct track until the implementation of a comprehensive reform and opening up before entering the modernization.
The fourth chapter discusses the reform and opening up to the financial crisis in Southeast Asia between the modernization of (1986 - -1996). The Viet Cong in the December 1986 meeting of the "big six" to determine a comprehensive line of innovation. The six become a symbol of modernization has entered a new period of Vietnam. Vietnam has absorbed the beneficial ingredients in other countries of the modernization theory adhere to the traditional society the theory of rational components at the same time, through practice, gradually formed a new theory with Chinese characteristics. Seven developed socialist transition period construction program < >, the Vietnam modernization into the first period of rapid development.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and the disintegration of Southeast Asian financial crisis, Vietnam's modernization strategy adjustments (1997 - -2001). During this period, Vietnam modernization is faced with multiple challenges: in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe collapsed under the influence of the political crisis in Southeast Asia; under the influence of the financial crisis and economic crisis corruption under the influence of social crisis. In view of this, Vietnam's political system and leadership, guiding ideology, modern economic strategy, the policy made great adjustment, put forward the basic realization of socialist industrialization and modernization in 2020.
The sixth chapter studies the process of modernization in Vietnam second times the rapid development of the situation (2001-2006 years).2001 in April, "Nine" seven Viet Cong "construction program > embodied in nine. Under the guidance of the idea, Vietnam to speed up the modernization into the second period. But in the development of problems have appeared in large numbers.
The seventh chapter discusses the Viet Cong ten to eleven between the modernization process, and analyzes the future direction and trends of the modernization (2006 - 2011). After 20 years of exploration, Vietnam has initially formed a theoretical system of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics and a suitable road of modernization after ten. Vietnam has made significant progress in the process of modernization and.2011 held in January eleven in Viet Cong modernization direction.
The eighth chapter of the experience and lessons of success or failure of the modernization process in Vietnam since 1945 are analyzed. For each stage of modernization success and setbacks from the political system, economic, social, diplomatic, military and cultural and natural geography and resources as well as a more in-depth analysis.
The ninth chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of the modernization level of Vietnam in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Selected two modernization evaluation index system based on Vietnam's economic, social, ecological, cultural and comprehensive modernization, international modernization level quantitatively system. Because of the complexity of political modernization and the particularity of the world, there is no quantitative the evaluation system, related so the qualitative evaluation.
The tenth chapter of the Vietnam modernization mode are summarized. All the countries in the world in the process of modernization gradually formed some representative development model. The analysis of this chapter to Vietnam modernization model including economic, political, social and cultural aspects of content. It is pointed out through analysis, Vietnam early start-up of modernization belongs to the typical challenges (Toynbee's view) - response model. After independence, the north takes the classic socialist mode, southern mode to establish the capitalist model. After the reform, modernization began to Vietnam and East Asia mode, Chinese model, combined with the transformation of western new free mode is market oriented mode, has formed a "mixed Vietnamese characteristics after the totalitarian model".
The last part of this paper is the conclusion. We summarize and summarize the contents of the above chapters, and sublimate and refine the main contents and viewpoints of this paper.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K333

【引证文献】