1961-1964年美国对巴西政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 16:30

本文关键词： 美国巴西对外政策军事政变　出处：《陕西师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 二十世纪六十年代初,美苏冷战进入第二次高潮。美苏双方都在尽力扩大自己的势力范围,以期取得实质性胜利。拉丁美洲向来被美国视为传统势力范围,而巴西作为拉丁美洲最大的国家尤其受到美国关注。六十年代初,巴西夸德罗斯和古拉特两届政府均在一定程度上显示出自身的独立性。面对巴西所采取的威胁美国国家安全及利益的政策,美国肯尼迪、约翰逊政府通过政治、经济、准军事、外交等活动对巴西内政进行了或隐蔽或公开的干涉。在美国驾轻就熟的导演下,1964年巴西发生军事政变,独裁军政府取代了民选政府。美国的霸权主义行为对美巴两国尤其是巴西产生了深远影响。目前,国内对该课题的研究还比较薄弱,本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,以美国新近解密的原始档案资料为依据,全面考察1961-1964年美国对巴西政策的制定、实施和演变过程,探究此政策的特点,从而更深入地探究美国与巴西的关系及美国拉美政策的实质。本文由绪言、正文、结论组成,其中正文共分三部分。绪言概述了本文选题的学术价值和现实意义,介绍了国内外学术界对本课题的研究现状。第一部分,主要回顾了历史上美国历届政府对巴西所实行的政策。第二部分,具体论述肯尼迪政府对巴西的政策。巴西夸德罗斯、古拉特两届政府都显示出一定的独立性。对此,美国高举反共旗帜,干涉巴西国内经济、政治局势的发展。随着摩擦的加深,美巴两国矛盾日益尖锐。第三部分,具体论述约翰逊政府对巴西的政策。面对巴西国内危机局势,约翰逊政府通过经济、军事援助等或公开或隐蔽的干涉活动,支持并确保了军事政变的成功,最终导致古拉特政府的垮台。结论部分,对1961-1964年美国的巴西政策进行思考。美国肯尼迪、约翰逊政府对巴西政策体现出内在的一致性,从其国家政治、经济和军事最大利益出发,采取措施支持并确保了古拉特政府的垮台。美国努力捍卫自身的世界“领导地位”,以维护民主的名义干涉别国内政,恰恰暴露了美国民主的虚伪性。
[Abstract]:In early 1960s, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union entered its second climax. Both the United States and the Soviet Union were trying to expand their sphere of influence with a view to achieving substantial victory. Latin America has always been regarded as a traditional sphere of influence by the United States. Brazil, as the largest country in Latin America, is particularly concerned by the United States. In early 60s, In the face of the policies adopted by Brazil that threaten the national security and interests of the United States, the Kennedy and Johnson administrations of the United States adopted political, economic and paramilitary policies. Diplomacy and other activities have interfered in Brazil's internal affairs, either covert or overt. A military coup took place in Brazil on 1964 under the adept US director. The authoritarian military government has replaced the elected government. The hegemonic behavior of the United States has had a profound impact on the United States and Pakistan, especially Brazil. At present, the domestic research on this subject is still relatively weak. Based on the newly declassified original archival data of the United States, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation of the formulation, implementation and evolution of the United States policy towards Brazil from 1961 to 1964, and probes into the characteristics of the policy. In order to explore the relationship between the United States and Brazil and the essence of American policy in Latin America. This paper consists of preface, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into three parts. The preface summarizes the academic value and practical significance of this topic, and introduces the current research situation of this topic in academic circles at home and abroad. In the first part, the author reviews the policies carried out by successive American governments towards Brazil in history. The second part, specifically discusses the policy of the Kennedy administration towards Brazil. The two administrations of Quadros and Guilat in Brazil have shown certain independence. To this end, the United States held high the banner of anti-Communist Party and interfered in Brazil's domestic economy. The development of the political situation. With the deepening of friction, the contradiction between the United States and Pakistan has become increasingly acute. The third part, specifically discusses the policy of the Johnson administration towards Brazil. In the face of the crisis situation in Brazil, the Johnson administration has supported and ensured the success of the military coup through economic, military aid, and other public or covert interventions. Eventually led to the collapse of the government of Guilat. In the conclusion, the author thinks about the Brazilian policy of the United States from 1961 to 1964. The Kennedy and Johnson administrations of the United States have shown inherent consistency in their policies towards Brazil, proceeding from the best interests of their national politics, economy and military affairs. Measures were taken to support and ensure the collapse of the government of Qurat. The United States' efforts to defend its world "leadership" and to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries in the name of safeguarding democracy exposed precisely the hypocrisy of American democracy.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712

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