二十世纪八十年代美国妇女参政状况研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 23:15

本文关键词： 美国妇女政治参与参政权女权运动　出处：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 占美国人口总数一半的美国妇女,在政治上却是一个弱势群体。殖民地时期的美国妇女就有了政治觉醒的意识;1948年召开的第一次妇女权利大会,妇女就正式公开提出了选举权的要求,但一直到1920年美国国会才给予了妇女选举权。从此,妇女才有了政治参与的前提,才可以通过投票选举关心妇女问题的候选人。争取参政权的斗争持续了70多年,中间经历了漫长而艰难的斗争。妇女取得了参政权后,其政治地位并没有发生根本变化,因为好多妇女即使有了选举权也没有参加选举。妇女的参政热情不高,她们并没有真正意识到选举权对其自身的重要性。但20世纪80年代,由于一系列因素的推动,美国妇女开始从政治边缘走向政治中心,并取得了巨大的参政成就。 20世纪80年代,美国的妇女参政取得了巨大成就,但还是存在许多问题和不足。由于传统观念的影响根深蒂固和现实因素的严重制约,妇女要取得和男性完全平等的地位是一个长期而艰辛的过程,并且需要全社会的共同努力。全文共分导论、正文、结语和参考资料四个部分。导论部分主要是说明参政和妇女参政的概念、研究意义和国内外学术界对妇女参政研究的动态。正文部分由三章组成。第一章主要是以妇女参政权运动的历史考察为切入点,介绍了美国殖民地时期妇女政治觉醒的情况、早期的妇女运动情况以及妇女为取得参政权所进行的巨大努力和艰苦斗争。第二章主要是从从社会学和统计学的角度,分析了20世纪80年代美国妇女参政的状况。对妇女参政所取得的成就以及妇女参政存在的问题和不足进行了系统总结。美国妇女参政所取得的主要成就有:妇女的参政意识和参政观念大幅提高、妇女出任政府公职的数量大有进步、华裔美国妇女在政坛迅速崛起。本章是本文的重点。第三章主要是从社会学和心理学的角度对妇女参政的制约因素进行分析,并对如何提高美国妇女的参政水平提出了自己的见解。结语部分是对本文的一个总结。主要对80年代的参政状况和美国妇女参政的重要意义进行总结,并对妇女参政的趋势做了展望。最后指出,妇女参政的前途是光明的,但道路是曲折的。
[Abstract]:Half of the total population of the United States of American women in politics, is a vulnerable groups. During the colonial period of American women have political awareness; the first women's Rights Convention held in 1948, women will officially put forward the request of right to vote, but until 1920 the United States Congress to give women the right to vote since then, women have the premise of political participation, to vote for the candidate concerned about women's issues. Fight for political rights struggle lasted for more than 70 years, has experienced a long and hard struggle.
Women gained suffrage, its political status has not changed fundamentally, because many women even had the right to vote did not participate in the elections. Women's participation enthusiasm is not high, they are not really aware of the importance of the election right on its own. But in 1980s, driven by a series of factors, American women began to from the political edge to the political center, and has made great achievements in politics.
In 1980s, women's participation in the United States has made great achievements, but there are still many problems and shortcomings. Due to restrict the influence of the traditional concept of ingrained and realistic factors, women must obtain the status of full equality with men is a long and arduous process, and requires the joint efforts of the whole society.
The full text is divided into four parts: introduction, text, conclusion and reference material.
The introduction is mainly about the concept of participation in political participation and women's participation in political affairs, the significance of the study and the dynamics of women's participation in the study of women's participation in political affairs at home and abroad.
The body part consists of three chapters.
The first chapter is mainly based on the historical investigation of the movement of women's participation in politics. It introduces the situation of women's political awakening in the colonial era, the early situation of women's movement and the great efforts and arduous struggles that women made to get the right to participate in politics.
The second chapter is mainly from the sociological and statistical perspective, analysis of the 1980s American women's political participation status. The existing problems and shortcomings made in women's participation in politics as well as the achievements of women's political participation are summarized. The main achievements of the United States women's political participation has: Women's awareness of political participation and political concept of a substantial increase in the number of women. As the government has made great progress, the rapid rise of Chinese American women in politics. This chapter is the focus of this paper.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the restrictive factors of women's participation in politics from the perspective of sociology and psychology, and puts forward their own views on how to improve the level of women's participation in politics.
The conclusion is a summary of this article. It mainly summarizes the status of participation in politics in 80s and the importance of American women's participation in politics, and looks into the trend of women's participation in politics. Finally, it points out that the future of women's participation in politics is bright, but the road is tortuous.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D447.12;K712.5

【引证文献】