20世纪80年代以来中印经济改革比较

发布时间：2018-02-26 06:15

本文关键词： 中国印度比较改革　出处：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国和印度是世界上最大的两个发展中国家,两国国情相似,经历基本相同。20世纪70年代末80年代初,中印两国先后开启了经济改革历程。两国在改革前很长一段时间实行前苏联高度集中的计划经济体制,都重视发展重工业,扶植公营企业的发展。两国有着相似的改革背景。中印两国都选择了渐进式的改革模式,主要通过对本国经济的市场化改革、扶植私营经济发展、对国有企业进行改革、实行对外开放等措施来发展本国经济。但同时,两国的经济改革又各有特点。中国有力的宏观调控政策、发达的基础设施、制造业为主的经济增长方式、由农村向城市、由地区试点到全国推广等特征成为中国经济改革取得成功的主要原因。而印度发展完善的金融制度、高度发达的信息服务业、与市场相结合的特色教育、充满活力的私营企业、强劲的内需消费等特征则成为印度经济改革取得成功的关键所在。中印两国经济改革取得极大成就的同时,伴随着改革的深入也产生了一些不容忽视的问题。如资源环境危机、效率与公平问题及经济上的腐败等。具体到中国,则还面临着完善金融体制改革、扩大内需、发展知识经济等具体的问题。而印度也面临着宏观调控不力、基础设施落后、对外经济疲软等发展难题。本文通过比较研究,指出两国经济改革各具特色、各有优势,存在很大的优势互补性、经验教训和借鉴性。两国未来可以通过紧密的合作获得更快、更好的发展,进而为世界的经济发展做出贡献。
[Abstract]:China and India are the two largest developing countries in the world. Their national conditions are similar and their experiences are basically the same. China and India have started the process of economic reform. Long before the reform, the two countries implemented the highly centralized planned economic system of the former Soviet Union, and both attached importance to the development of heavy industry and supported the development of public enterprises. The two countries have similar reform backgrounds. Both China and India have chosen a gradual reform model, mainly through the market-oriented reform of their own economies, the development of the private sector, the reform of state-owned enterprises, and the implementation of measures such as opening up to the outside world to develop their own economies. But at the same time, The economic reforms of the two countries have their own characteristics. China has a strong macroeconomic control policy, developed infrastructure, and a mode of economic growth dominated by manufacturing, from rural to urban areas. The main reasons for the success of China's economic reform are characterized by regional pilot projects to national popularization. India has developed a sound financial system, a highly developed information service industry, a characteristic education combined with the market, and a vibrant private enterprise. Strong domestic consumption and other characteristics are the key to the success of India's economic reform. Along with the great achievements made in the economic reform of China and India, along with the deepening of the reform, some problems can not be ignored, such as the crisis of resources and environment, the problems of efficiency and fairness, and economic corruption. India is also faced with such specific problems as improving the financial system, expanding domestic demand and developing a knowledge-based economy, while India is also faced with development problems such as weak macroeconomic control, backward infrastructure and weak foreign economy. Through comparative study, this paper points out that the economic reform of the two countries has its own characteristics, each has its own advantages, there are great complementarities of advantages, experiences, lessons learned and lessons learned, and the two countries can achieve faster and better development through close cooperation in the future. And then contribute to the economic development of the world.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27;K351;F119

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