论格兰特的军事思想

发布时间：2018-02-27 03:28

本文关键词： 美国格兰特军事思想　出处：《山东师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文主要阐述了如下内容: 19世纪60年代,历时近五年的美国内战涌现出一批杰出的军官,他们以南方的罗伯特·李和北方的尤利塞斯·格兰特为代表。罗伯特·李被誉为美国历史上最杰出的军事家之一,有许多学者为其著书立说,相比较而言,格兰特没有引起人们的足够重视,本文试图阐述其军事思想的要略。格兰特的军事思想的萌芽时期是美墨战争,这是格兰特首次接受战争的洗礼,通过这场战争,格兰特对战争有了更加感性的认识,为其后军事思想的成熟奠定了基础。美墨战争后,格兰特在短暂退役后,经历了一连串失败的打击,但这完全不影响他在即将到来的美国南北战争中一战成名。美国内战期间,新武器、新通讯工具和新交通工具被广泛应用,战争方式也从有限战争转变为总体战争,被称为第一次近代战争。格兰特的军事思想正是在美国内战期间成熟,使其在军事史上具有重要的地位。其军事思想主要由战争观、战略思想、战术思想和军队组织原则组成。格兰特具有敏锐的判断力,能够认识到战争的正义与否,认为美墨战争是美国恃强凌弱的非正义战争,认为美国内战联邦终将取得胜利。战略上,格兰特在战争中把总体战作为指导战略,同时运用了歼灭战略和灵活反应战略,并对敌方人民采取了恐怖心里战略,从而纠正了战争初期联邦在战略上的决策失误。战术上,格兰特独创了无条件投降原则,对敌人展开了封锁和不间断打击,发展了散兵阵线和迂回包抄的运动战术。在军队组织建设方面,格兰特采用了务实的用人原则,任用真正会打仗的士兵担任军官,提倡征召黑人士兵。通过格兰特一系列务实、有效的措施,美国联邦军队最终战胜了南方叛乱分子,维护了国家的统一。文章结尾总结了格兰特军事思想的原则,并指出了其不足之处。
[Abstract]:The main contents of this paper are as follows:. In 1860s, a group of outstanding military officers emerged in the American Civil War, which lasted nearly five years. They are represented by Robert Lee of the South and Ulysses Grant of the North. Robert Lee is known as one of the greatest military strategists in American history, and many scholars have written books for him. Grant did not attract enough attention. Grant's military thought was born in the war between America and Mexico. It was the first time that Grant accepted the baptism of war. Through this war, Grant had a more perceptual understanding of war, which laid the foundation for the maturation of military thought. Grant suffered a series of defeats after his brief retirement from the Mexican War, but that did not make him famous in the upcoming Civil War. During the American Civil War, new weapons, new means of communication and new means of transportation were widely used, and the mode of warfare changed from a limited war to a general war. Known as the first modern war, Grant's military thought matured during the American Civil War, giving it an important place in military history. His military thoughts are mainly composed of war views, strategic ideas, tactical ideas and military organization principles. Grant has a keen sense of judgment and is able to recognize the justice of the war. He thinks that the US-Mexico war is an unjust war of America's bullying. It was believed that the Union would win the Civil War. Strategically, Grant took the general war as the guiding strategy in the war, used the strategy of annihilation and flexible response, and adopted the psychological strategy of terror to the enemy people, thus rectifying the strategic mistakes made by the Federation in the early days of the war. Tactically, Grant pioneered the principle of unconditional surrender, launched a blockade and uninterrupted strike against the enemy, and developed foxlines and detour tactics. In the building of the army, Grant adopted the pragmatic principle of employing soldiers who could really fight as officers and advocated the recruitment of black soldiers. Through a series of pragmatic and effective measures by Grant, the United States Federal Army finally defeated the southern rebels and upheld the unity of the country. At the end of this paper, the principles of Grant's military thought are summarized and its shortcomings are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.4;E712.9

【引证文献】