“朴定阳事件”与中朝宗藩关系的变化

发布时间：2018-02-28 16:46

本文关键词： 朴定阳事件中国朝鲜宗藩关系　出处：《延边大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 19世纪80年代是中朝宗藩关系史上的一个重要变化时期。1882年，《朝美通商修好条约》签订后，欧美列强相继进入朝鲜，朝鲜全面开国。随着对外交往的增多，朝鲜自主意识开始增强，近代国家观念开始出现，并要求开展独立自主的对外活动。同时，由于这一时期东北亚国际局势的变化，清朝出于中国东北边疆安全的考虑，改变了过去对藩属国“内政外交任由自主”的传统政策，对朝鲜内政外交进行直接干预。这增强了朝鲜的离心倾向，脱离清朝控制、实现独立自主的要求越来越强烈，朝鲜开始试图冲破宗藩体制，利用欧美势力牵制中国，以达到“以夷制夷”的目的。1887年，朝鲜政府任命朴定阳为驻美全权公使。朝鲜的自主遣使行为遭到清政府的干涉，从而引发了持续四年之久的“朴定阳事件”。朴定阳使美后，不受清朝驻外使节的约束，，而是自主地展开了一系列的外交活动。清朝抓住此事的责任问题不放，要求严惩朴定阳。围绕这一事件，中朝之间展开了反复持久的外交交涉。最终，朝鲜政府采取有效的抗争策略，顶住了清朝的强大压力，使朴定阳免受惩处并加以重用，维护了国家尊严。本论文主要分三部分进行论述，即“朴定阳事件”的历史背景、朴定阳使美前的清朝干涉、朴定阳使美后围绕“违章”发生的中朝纠纷。第一部分主要论述朴定阳事件的历史背景。1882年《朝美通商修好条约》的签订标志着朝鲜全面开国，欧美列强相继进入朝鲜，使朝鲜的社会危机加深。但同时，欧风美雨也使朝鲜能够进一步认识世界，激发了朝鲜国家主权意识。随着列强对朝鲜的渗透和清对朝全面干涉政策的实施，朝鲜开始力争摆脱中朝宗藩体制的束缚，实现真正的独立自主外交。第二部分主要论述朴定阳使美前的清朝干涉。随着自主意识的增强，朝鲜政府决定向签约各国派使，全面开展独立自主的外交活动。1887年，朝鲜政府任命朴定阳为驻美全权公使，沈相学(后改任赵臣熙)为驻欧(英、德、法、俄、意)公使。朝鲜欲示自主于各国，而清则欲示属邦于天下。为此，清朝极力阻止朝鲜遣使欧美，规定朝鲜遣使必须“先咨后派”，并要求朝鲜降低派遣使节的等级，最后还创制出近代外交使节制度上闻所未闻的特殊模式“另约三端”。第三部分主要论述朴定阳使美后围绕“违章”发生的中朝纠纷。朴定阳赴美后，并没有按照“三端”行事，而是自主地展开了一系列的外交活动。清朝抓住此事的责任问题不放，要求严惩朴定阳。朝鲜政府则采取有效的抗争策略，顶住了清朝的强大压力，使朴定阳免受惩处并加以重用，维护了国家尊严。
[Abstract]:1880s is the suzerain vassal relations history an important change in the period of.1882 years, the trade treaty > < fix after the signing, the Western powers have entered North Korea, North Korea's founding comprehensive. With the increase of foreign exchanges, the Korean independent consciousness began to increase, modern idea of the state began to appear, and required to carry out independent activities at the same time. Due to changes in Northeast Asia, this period of the international situation, the Qing Dynasty for security China northeast frontier considerations, changed the past to vassal states "let the domestic and foreign independent" traditional policy of direct intervention on the Korean domestic and foreign. This enhances the centrifugal tendency of North Korea, out of control of the Qing Dynasty, more and more strong independent requirements North Korea began, trying to break the Zongfan system, the use of European and American forces to contain China, yiyizhiyi to.1887 years, the Korean government appointed Pu Dingyang As in the United States. North Korea's minister plenipotentiary envoy was independent of the Qing government interference behavior, which triggered a sustained four years of "Pu Dingyang incident". The park Dingyang beauty, from the Qing Dynasty diplomatic envoys of the constraints, but independently launched a series of diplomatic activities. The Qing Dynasty hold responsibility problem of this thing don't put, Portsmouth. Dingyang punished around this incident, the persistent diplomatic negotiations between China and the DPRK launched. In the end, the Korean government to take effective strategies to fight, against the strong pressure of the Qing Dynasty, Pu Dingyang from punishment and reuse, safeguard the national dignity.
This paper is mainly divided into three parts: the historical background of "Pu Dingyang incident", the interference of Pu Ding Yang in the Qing Dynasty before the Qing Dynasty, and the dispute between China and DPRK around the violation of rules.
The first part mainly discusses the historical background of the events Dingyang Portsmouth.1882 < fix > the trade treaty marks the founding of North Korea fully, Western powers have entered North Korea, the Korean social crisis. But at the same time, also enable North Korea to further understand the influences of Western culture and civilization world, stimulate the Korean national sovereignty consciousness. With the infiltration of powers to North Korea and toward a comprehensive intervention policy, North Korea began to strive to get rid of the shackles of suzerain vassal system, realize the independent foreign real.
The second part mainly discusses the beauty of the park Dingyang before the Qing Dynasty. With the increased awareness of the interference, the Korean government decided to send to the nations, to fully carry out the independent diplomacy.1887, the Korean government appointed Pu Dingyang as ambassador to the United States, minister plenipotentiary, Shen Xiangxue (after he was named Zhao Chen Xi) as in Europe (UK, Germany, law. Russian Minister, Italy). North Korea want to show self in all countries, and is shown to the Qing vassal state in the world. To this end, the Qing Dynasty tried to stop North Korea sent to Europe and the United States, the provisions of the Korean envoy must first consult after school ", and urged the DPRK to reduce envoys level, finally also created a special mode of the diplomatic" the system of about three other unheard of end ".
The third part mainly discusses the beauty of Dingyang park around the "illegal" between China and the United States after the dispute. Dingyang Portsmouth, did not act in accordance with the "three ends", but independently launched a series of diplomatic activities. The Qing Dynasty hold responsibility matter on Dingyang. North Korea demanded severe punishments for Portsmouth government take effective the struggle strategy, has withstood the great pressure of the Qing Dynasty, the park Dingyang from punishment and reuse, safeguard the national dignity.

【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K256.9;K312.4

【引证文献】