英国1381年大起义

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:13

本文选题：英国　切入点：1381年大起义　出处：《首都师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 英国1381年大起义是当时英国政治、经济和各种社会矛盾长期累积和演化发展的必然结果。作为英国历史上第一次大规模的武装起义，它反过来也给英国的政治、经济和社会带来了深远的影响。基于此，本文试图对该次起义爆发的原因、后果进行一些探索性的论述和分析，并简要介绍了起义的一些重要经过。全文共分三章，论述的重点主要放在一前一后两章。第一章对起义爆发的背景进行了详细分析。毫无疑问，，中世纪英国农民与封建主之间阶级矛盾激化是这次起义爆发的最根本原因。文章紧扣阶级矛盾这条主线，分析了起义爆发前一些政治、经济和社会状况：黑死病的连续袭击导致英国劳动力匮乏，生产生活遭到破坏，封建统治秩序出现紊乱；政府为维护统治而颁布的劳工法令，加剧了本来就很尖锐的矛盾；三次人头税的征收成为了起义爆发的直接原因。第二章主要介绍了起义过程，包括起义爆发、高潮及尾声。对一些冲突最激烈的地区起义和一些典型的城市起义进行了稍微详细的阐述。第三章分析和论述了起义影响。起义者提出的纲领性文件——迈尔恩德纲领和斯密斯·菲尔德要求，朴实地反映了起义者主要的经济、政治、宗教思想和愿望。1381年大起义虽然未能直接摧毁英国封建农奴制，但加速了它的瓦解，同时唤醒了下层人民的觉悟，给英国带来了深远影响。
[Abstract]:The Great Intifada in 1381 was the inevitable result of the long-term accumulation and evolution of British political, economic and social contradictions. As the first large-scale armed uprising in British history, it in turn gave British politics. Based on this, this paper attempts to discuss and analyze the causes and consequences of the uprising, and briefly introduces some important processes of the uprising. The full text is divided into three chapters, the main focus of the discussion is a first one and two chapters. The first chapter makes a detailed analysis of the background of the outbreak of the uprising. There is no doubt that the intensification of class conflicts between the peasants and feudal masters in the Middle Ages was the most fundamental reason for the outbreak of the uprising. An analysis of some political, economic and social conditions prior to the outbreak of the uprising: the successive attacks of the Black death led to a shortage of labour, the destruction of productive life and the disorder of the feudal order in Britain; and the labour laws issued by the Government to preserve its rule, Exacerbated the already sharp contradiction; the collection of three poll taxes became the direct cause of the uprising. The second chapter mainly introduces the process of uprisings, including the outbreak, climax and end of the uprisings, and describes in detail some of the most violent regional uprisings and some typical urban uprisings. The third chapter analyzes and discusses the influence of the uprising. The programmatic document put forward by the insurrectors-the Mayrnder Programme and Smith Field's demand-simply reflects the main economic, political, and political aspects of the insurrectors. Although the Great uprising of 1381 failed to destroy the feudal serfdom in England, it accelerated its disintegration and awakened the consciousness of the lower classes, which brought profound influence to Britain.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.32

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