18-19世纪法国农村私有土地产权研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 00:00

本文选题：法国大革命　切入点：私有土地　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为世界近代史上具有标志性的历史事件,关于法国大革命的研究不一而足,但若要真实还原彼时的历史图景,仍须将其建构在由传统封建社会向近代社会转型的宏观背景下加以考察,而这种转型既包括政治制度的转型、思想观念的转型,更离不开经济和社会的转型。本文的目的,乃是在这一建构下,以"私有土地产权,,为切入,学习和利用"经济—社会史"的研究方法,尝试探究18—19世纪初法国农村私有土地产权确立的背景、过程与影响。全文大致分为五部分:第一章为绪论,主要交代本研究的选题意义,国内外研究现状和本文使用的研究资料、研究方法和基本思路;第二章着重讨论了旧制度下法国农村的地权状况,初步分析了 1700—1789年法国特权政治下,教会贵族和世俗贵族占有了大量土地,而相比之下占人口绝大多数的农民所占有的土地份额却相形见绌,而后者却还要承担巨大的赋税负担,这也成为推动大革命发生的诱因之一,第三章则探讨了大革命所带来的法国农村私有土地产权合法性的确立,政府当局不断颁布法令通过出售国有土地、分割公地等形式将土地分到农民手中,并对农民的私有地产权予以保护,这一过程以《拿破仑法典》的颁布为最终完成,尽管这些政令在不同地区的执行情况互有差别,但却在客观上将土地分到了农民的手中,并给予了其正当性的保护,而法国小农经济也由此形成;第四章分析了私有土地产权的影响,就农民个体而言,在生产上提高了农民的经济收益,在生活上推动了农民消费水平的提升,而与此同时,村社的消亡更是推动了庇护性社会关系走向瓦解;第五章是余论和结语,认为传统的将法国大革命后私有土地产权的确立,视为造成了农村土地碎片化并进而对法国小农经济的模式起到客观上的推动作用,从而成为法国农业发展的桎梏的观点是颇可商榷的,而大革命为法国农村的私有土地产权带来了"法权"上的保护和确认、而此后法国社会所呈现出的自由化和市场化倾向又为其注入了"市场"的活力,而"法制"和"市场"的相互结合又促进了 "农民,,的转型,不但是生活水平、消费水平的提升,更包括思想观念、意识判断的转型,尽管在这种转型的过程中会有反复、也会有波折,但仍是不应被忽视和抹杀的。
[Abstract]:As an iconic historical event in the modern history of the world, studies on the French Revolution are numerous, but if the historical picture of the time is to be truly restored, It is still necessary to construct it under the macro background of the transformation from traditional feudal society to modern society, which includes the transformation of political system, the transformation of ideology, and the transformation of economy and society. It is under this construction that we try to explore the background of the establishment of private land property right in the French countryside in the early 1819th century by studying and utilizing the research method of "the history of economy and society". The whole paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly explains the significance of this research, the research status at home and abroad, the research materials used in this paper, the research methods and basic ideas; The second chapter mainly discusses the status of land rights in the French countryside under the old system, and analyzes preliminarily that the church aristocrats and secular aristocracy occupied a lot of land under the French privileged politics from 1700-1789. By contrast, farmers, who make up the vast majority of the population, have a smaller share of the land, and the latter bear a huge tax burden, which was one of the incentives behind the Revolution. The third chapter discusses the establishment of the legitimacy of private land property rights in the French countryside brought by the Revolution. The government authorities have constantly issued decrees to divide the land into the hands of farmers through the sale of state-owned land and the division of public land. And to protect the private property rights of the peasants. This process was finally completed by the promulgation of the Napoleon Code. Although the implementation of these decrees in different regions was different, the land was objectively divided into the hands of the peasants. And gave its legitimacy to the protection, and the French small-scale peasant economy also formed. Chapter 4th analyzes the impact of private land property rights, as far as the individual farmers, in terms of production to improve the economic benefits of farmers, At the same time, the disappearance of village community promotes the disintegration of sheltered social relations. Chapter 5th is the conclusion and conclusion that the traditional establishment of private land property right after the French Revolution. The view that the fragmentation of rural land has resulted in the fragmentation of rural land and thus played an objective role in promoting the model of the small-scale peasant economy in France, thus becoming the shackle of the development of French agriculture, is debatable. The Revolution brought about the protection and confirmation of the "legal right" for the private land property right in the French countryside, and the liberalization and marketization tendency of the French society since then injected the vitality of the "market" into it. And the combination of the "legal system" and "market" has promoted the transformation of "peasants," not only the improvement of living standards and consumption level, but also the transformation of ideology and consciousness judgment, although there will be repeated changes in the process of this transformation. There will also be twists and turns, but they should not be ignored and erased.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K565.4

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