英国早期现代妇女：第四阶层

发布时间：2018-03-06 02:34

本文选题：第四阶层　切入点：奉献者　出处：《四川大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 有关女性权利的问题第一次被给予足够的重视的时间可以追溯到启蒙运动时期。大约从17世纪中期到18世纪中期,关于女性解放主义和平等主义的思潮就在整个欧洲的各阶层女性中传播开来;她们中又包含着贵族阶层,社会中等阶层,以及普通的大众劳动阶层。以前有关女性应该只能为男性而存在的由来已久的观点受到了质疑和挑战。在教育领域,职业领域以及政治权利领域,越来越多的妇女开始取得相对以往的遭遇来说更为平等的机会;不过这种平等性在职业与政治领域来说还是相当有限的,但这也是一种进步。 1642年到1649年发生在英国的工业革命,是这场启蒙运动的一个里程碑,也是本文的开篇之处。作为启蒙运动的发源地之一,英国见证了妇女最早开始对她们的社会地位和角色提出质疑的时期。而本文所讨论的妇女们发生的最根本的变化也源于当时社会的根本——基督教的变化,这也是当时英国社会的精神规范准则。所以,本文将首先着眼于妇女在宗教方面发生的改变,主要讨论其在宗教机构中所担任的角色的变化。其次,因为意识形态的转变,整个社会展现出来的景致也和以前大相径庭,这些发生了变化的方面也将在本文中一一呈现;包括妇女在社会生活的法律地位方面,政治及经济权利方面等。在这一部分中,文章将运用对比与比较的方法分析当时几个较为典型的不列颠城市,以便将整个英国社会作为一个变化了的社会整体进行更好的观察。在这几个作为典型代表的城市中,本文将着重于妇女是如何察觉她们在社会中的不利地位,以及她们是如何从前面已经提及的法律,政治,经济等方面做出反应。再次,本文将在此按照时间顺序,切入18世纪。这是一个见证了妇女缓慢而坚定的社会活动变化和职业变化的时代,而这些变化中的一些甚至一直持续到了今天的现代社会。对于妇女在父权社会中所处的不利位置来看,这确实并非一个简单容易的过程,它包含着太多的那个时代女性的可见和不可见的奋斗和努力。本文将按照阶级划分的方法,分别观察分析贵族,中等阶层和劳动阶层的女性,以期取得更为贴近的视角,及更为客观的观察结果。本文内容的结束时间大约在1750年前后,这是“早期现代”的结束时间,也是启蒙运动渐渐远去的时间。作为本文的最后一部分,这里的重点将集中在妇女所得到的进一步延伸的法律认可地位,政治权利,经济角色,社会活动,以及职业情况和受教育情况。在这一部分,本文也将呈现与文学创作相关的英国妇女,虽然当时的文学还不是真正意义上的文学,但她们为其后来的同行们开辟了一片崭新的天地,也为整个人类文学事业的发展立下了汗马功劳。从此,女性开始从事文学创作,而从事文学创作的女性开始被广泛的接受。虽然从17世纪中期到18世纪中期,英国妇女的社会地位很大程度上缺乏法律的有力保障,但英国的妇女们找到了适合自我发展及自我解放的道路。英国妇女确实是当时社会的第四阶层,也确实是当时社会的巨大财富。她们的奋斗和努力对后来的女性主义解放运动意义重大。
[Abstract]:The issue of women's rights was first given enough attention to the time can be traced back to the enlightenment. From about mid seventeenth Century to mid eighteenth Century on women's Liberation doctrine and egalitarian country in the whole of Europe spread among women in all sectors; they also contains the aristocratic class, the middle class, as well as ordinary the working class people. Before, women should only exist for men's long-standing view has been questioned and challenged. In the field of education, occupation and political rights, more and more women began to gain relative to the previous experience is more equal opportunity; but this equality in occupation and political field is still quite limited, but it is also a kind of progress.
From 1642 to 1649, the industrial revolution in Britain, this is a milepost of enlightenment, but also in the beginning. As one of the birthplace of the enlightenment, Britain witnessed women began to question the period of their social status and roles. This paper discusses the change of women occurred the most fundamental change is originated from the social foundation of Christianity, this is also the time of the British Society of mental criterion. Therefore, this paper will first focus in religion to women's change, mainly discusses the change of its role in the religious institutions.
Secondly, because of the transition of ideology, the social scene and used to be quite different, these changes will also be presented one by one in this thesis; including the legal status of women in social life, political and economic rights. In this part, the article will use the method of comparison and analysis at that time, several typical British city, in order to observe the entire British society as a change of the whole society better. In these typical city, this paper will focus on how women are aware of their disadvantageous position in society, and how they have been mentioned from the front of the law, the political, economic and other aspects of response.
Again, this paper will according to the time order, starting in eighteenth Century. This is a witness to the women's slow and steady social activity and occupation times of change, and these changes in some even until today's modern society. For the position of women in the patriarchal society, it does not a simple and easy process, it contains the women of that era too many visible and invisible struggle and hard work. This paper will be in accordance with the class classification method, respectively, to observe and analyze the noble women of middle class and working class, in order to get closer to the angle of view, and more objective observation results.
The end time of the content of this paper is about before and after 1750, this is "the end of the early modern time", but also the enlightenment disappearing time. As the last part of this paper, the focus here will focus in the further extension of the legal recognition of women's status, political rights, economic role, social activities, and occupation the situation and education. In this part, the paper will also present the related literature of British women, though the literature is not the true sense of the literature, but they later colleagues to open up a new world, but also for the development of the entire human literary career made distinctions won in battle. Since then, women began to engage in literary creation and literary women began to be widely accepted.
Although from mid seventeenth Century to mid eighteenth Century, the lack of effective legal protection of the social status of women in the UK largely, but the British women found suitable for self development and self liberation road. British women was fourth in social class, also is great wealth when society indeed. They struggle and hard work of later the feminist liberation movement of great significance.

【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.4

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