美国与伊朗“蜜月”关系演变研究（1953-1979）

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:23

本文选题：美国　切入点：伊朗　出处：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1856年,美国与伊朗两国官方签订双方间的第一个条约----《美伊友好条约》,开启了两国交往的历程。在第二次世界大战爆发之前,由于苏联、英国在伊朗素来有争夺和各自的势力范围,美国与伊朗之间只有有限的交往。二战的爆发改变了这一局面。50年代初,伊朗民族主义者摩萨台上台,开始了石油国有化运动,以此为契机,美国通过发动1953年政变,赶走了摩萨台,更是驱逐了苏、英两国在伊朗的传统势力,开启了与伊朗的“蜜月”关系时期。作为表示,美国大量军援、经援接踵而至；伊朗方面,尤其是国王,对美国可说是感恩戴德。进入60年代,肯尼迪政府授意国王进行改革,使得白色革命在伊朗悄然兴起。尼克松上台后,为应对美国国力衰落的现实,不得不实行战略收缩,伊朗更成为美军在波斯湾可依靠的“双柱之一”,充当美国武器的大买主和波斯湾的新宪兵,双方“蜜月”关系一度发展到高潮。70年代末,新上任的卡特总统提出带有理想主义色彩的人权外交理念,伊朗作为“蜜月”盟友,理应符合美国人权标准,于是国王不得不实行了一系列自由化政策,放松了国内的政治气氛,反对派也逐渐聚集起来,终于酿成了震惊世界的伊朗伊斯兰革命。1979年1月,国王出走,1980年,美伊断交,“蜜月”关系彻底结束。纵观这26年的“蜜月”关系,不管美国的实力在世界格局中历经了怎样的变化,美伊关系都无时无刻地体现着美国在这其中的主导性；伊朗,确切的是巴列维国王,始终只是美国的一个小选项,仆从似的听从美国的安排。从“蜜月”关系建立到最终抛弃巴列维,无不遵循这一规律。其“蜜月”关系的发展变化也表现出美国实力在不同背景下的起伏和政策的改变,本质上体现了外交中国家利益至上的准则,更是反映出美国干涉他国的话语权政策和伊朗依赖美国的严酷后果。
[Abstract]:In 1856, the United States and Iran signed the first treaty between the United States and Iran, the Treaty of Friendship between the United States and Iraq, which opened the course of exchanges between the two countries. Britain has always had competition and its own sphere of influence in Iran, and the United States has only limited contacts with Iran. The outbreak of World War II changed the situation. In the early 1950s, the Iranian nationalist Mosaitai came to power and began the nationalization of oil. Using this as an opportunity, the United States, by launching a coup on 1953, drove away the Mosuatai, and even more expelled the Soviet Union, the traditional British forces in Iran, and opened a period of "honeymoon" relations with Iran. As a sign, the United States provided a large amount of military assistance. Economic aid followed; Iran, especially the king, was grateful to the United States. In 60s, the Kennedy administration ordered the king to reform and the White Revolution quietly arose in Iran. After Nixon came to power, In order to cope with the reality of the decline of US national strength, it had to implement a strategic contraction. Iran has even become one of the "two pillars" that the US military can rely on in the Persian Gulf, acting as a major buyer of US weapons and a new gendarmerie in the Persian Gulf. The "honeymoon" relationship between the two sides once reached a climax in the late 1970s. New President Carter put forward an idealistic concept of human rights diplomacy. Iran, as an ally of the "honeymoon," should conform to American human rights standards. As a result, the king had to implement a series of liberalization policies, relax the domestic political atmosphere, and the opposition gradually gathered together, finally leading to the Islamic revolution in Iran, which shocked the world. In January 1979, the king left, 1980, The US and Iraq severed diplomatic relations, and the honeymoon relationship ended completely. Looking at the "honeymoon" relationship of 26 years, no matter what changes the strength of the United States has undergone in the world pattern, the US-Iraq relationship has always reflected the leading role of the United States in this relationship; Iran, to be exact, King Barelvi, It's always been just a small American option, obeying the arrangements of the United States like a minion. From the honeymoon relationship to the eventual abandonment of Barelvi, All follow this law. The development and change of its "honeymoon" relationship also shows the ups and downs of American strength in different backgrounds and the change of policy, which essentially embodies the principle of the supremacy of national interests in diplomacy. It also reflects America's policy of interfering with other countries and the harsh consequences of Iran's dependence on the United States.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712.54;K373.52

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