《谢尔曼法》不确定性的历史研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 19:53

本文选题：谢尔曼法　切入点：不确定性　出处：《浙江师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 《谢尔曼法》是在19世纪末美国第二次工业革命大发展、大变化的历史背景下诞生的。颁布之际,该法所针对的垄断企业组织形态尚未发展成熟,思想领域也处于新旧交替时期,各州反托拉斯法发展呈现出差参不齐的状况。从根本上来说,并不具备制定一部目标明确、泾渭分明的联邦反托拉斯法的历史条件。从《谢尔曼法》的立法史来看,它并非经济理性的产物,而是政治运动压力下的产物。有强烈反托拉斯诉求的群体无法左右立法过程,而处于支配地位的集团并不打算对大企业采取具有实际意义的行动。这种错位使得《谢尔曼法》在立法语言上含糊其辞。而国会借此协调各方矛盾,避免可能出现更激烈的政治动荡。立法的不确定性使法院的解释在该法适用中发挥了关键作用。由于法院解释原则的摇摆,《谢尔曼法》仍然无法克服适用过程中的不确定性问题。对该法执行状况的普遍不满导致众多团体发起声势浩大的修改运动。经过多年争论后,非行政集权的市场管理方式最终为人们所接受,并通过《联邦贸易委员会法》和《克莱顿法》确定下来。两部法令在一定程度上克服了《谢尔曼法》的不确定性。在美国的经济、政治和思想领域,《谢尔曼法》的不确定性产生了重要而持久的影响。本文试图在19世纪后半期美国企业组织形态变迁的背景下,探讨《谢尔曼法》不确定性产生的背景、表现、发展及其影响问题。全文由4部分组成:第一部分从经济、思想和法律的角度铺垫了《谢尔曼法》不确定性产生的背景。第二部分从反托拉斯立法运动的推动力量、国会占支配地位集团的立法意图以及立法过程中的政治斗争等方面,说明政治因素是导致《谢尔曼法》不确定性的主要原因。第三部分论述《谢尔曼法》不确定性问题在实施过程中的表现以及由此引发针对该法的修改运动。第四部分主要从企业合并组织形式、反托拉斯政策执行与经济理论在反托拉斯政策中的地位三个方面阐述法的不确定性造成的影响。
[Abstract]:The Sherman Act was born in the historical background of the second Industrial Revolution in the United States at the end of 19th century. At the time of its promulgation, the organizational form of the monopoly enterprises targeted by the law has not yet developed and matured. The field of thought is also at the turn of the old and the new, and the development of state antitrust laws presents a mixed state of travel. Fundamentally speaking, there is no clear purpose in the development of a state antitrust law. The historical conditions of the distinct federal antitrust law. Judging from the legislative history of the Sherman Act, it is not a product of economic rationality, but a product of political movement. Groups with strong antitrust demands cannot control the legislative process. The dominant group does not intend to take meaningful action against big business. This misalignment makes the Sherman Act vague in its legislative language, and Congress mediates contradictions. The uncertainty of legislation makes the interpretation of the court play a key role in the application of the law. Because of the swing of the principle of court interpretation, the Sherman law still cannot overcome the process of application. The widespread dissatisfaction with the implementation of the law has led to a massive revision campaign by many groups. After years of controversy, The non-administrative centralized market management is finally accepted by people. Through the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act. The two acts overcome the uncertainty of the Sherman Act to some extent. In the political and ideological fields, the uncertainty of the Sherman Act has had an important and lasting effect. This paper attempts to explore the background, performance, development and impact of uncertainty in the second half of 19th century, under the background of the evolution of corporate organization in the United States. The first part consists of four parts: the first part is from the perspective of economy. The ideological and legal perspectives lay the background for the uncertainty of the Sherman Law. The second part is about the driving force of the antitrust legislative movement, the legislative intent of the dominant group in Congress and the political struggle in the legislative process. It is explained that the political factor is the main cause of the uncertainty of the Sherman law. The third part discusses the performance of the uncertainty problem in the process of implementation and the amendment movement of the law. 4th. Part of it is organized in the form of enterprise merger, This paper expounds the influence of the uncertainty of law from three aspects: the implementation of antitrust policy and the position of economic theory in antitrust policy.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.44

【相似文献】