论战后日本象征天皇制的确立

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:17

本文选题：日本政府　切入点：盟军总部　出处：《东北师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 日本战败后,在美国的干预和主导下,并没有象其他战败的法西斯国家那样受到严厉的制裁。在国体方面,并没有将日本的国家元首制度——主权天皇制彻底废除,而是将战前的主权天皇制变为战后的象征天皇制。这一前一后变化的国体标志着天皇从神圣变为象征,战后天皇制的权力范围和财政地位都明显地失去了战前天皇所拥有的范围和地位。当然象征天皇制的确立不是一朝一夕就能完成的,在其确立的过程中,经历了美国的政治意图与日本政府智囊之间的冲突和日本方面的巧妙应对。首先在是否保留天皇制的问题上,大多数参与国际审判的战胜国主张予以废除,而美国国内以格鲁为首的亲日派顶住压力,顽强地宣传保留天皇制的好处,最终战胜了亲华派,将天皇制保留了下来。不过,主张变战前的神格天皇为人格天皇、象征天皇。虽然日本和美国一样,也同意确立象征天皇制,但是日本政府对象征天皇制的理解还停留在主权天皇制的层次上,盟军总部又通过颁布自由指令、开除公职、废除神道神权、取消皇室财产等措施解除了天皇的权力来源与经济基础。日本政府在细细体察盟军司令部的意图后,明确表示愿意接受美国提出的保留象征天皇制的主张。并在智囊们的策划下,昭和天皇发布了“人间宣言”和采取了令全国民众感激涕零的巡幸举措。为了将象征天皇制从法律上确立下来,盟总敦促日本政府修改宪法,因日本政府制定的修宪草案过于保守,与盟总要求的相去甚远,盟总遂自己制定了宪法草案,强迫日本政府接受。就这样,《日本国宪法》在经过了几次修改之后最终出台。《日本国宪法》的出台标志着日本象征天皇制已经在法律上被确立下来。当然这一国体的固定化与深入人心经过了其后几十年的时间。
[Abstract]:After Japan lost the war, under the intervention and leadership of the United States, it was not subject to the same severe sanctions as other defeated fascist countries. In terms of national system, it did not completely abolish Japan's head of state system, the sovereign emperor system. Instead, it transformed the pre-war sovereign monarchy into the postwar symbol of the emperor, a changing state that marked the emperor's transformation from sacredness to symbolism. The scope of power and financial status of the postwar imperial system obviously lost the scope and status of the pre-war emperor. Of course, symbolizing the establishment of the imperial system could not be completed overnight, and in the course of its establishment, Experienced a conflict between the political intentions of the United States and the Japanese government think-tank and a clever response on the part of Japan. First of all, on the question of whether to retain the imperial system, most of the victorious nations participating in international trials advocated its abolition. The pro-Japanese faction in the United States, headed by Grou, withstood the pressure and tenaciously propagated the benefits of retaining the imperial system, and finally defeated the pro-China faction and preserved the imperial system. However, it advocated changing the pre-war divine emperor to the personality emperor. Symbolizing the emperor. Although Japan, like the United States, agreed to establish a system of symbolism, the Japanese government's understanding of the symbolism of the emperor remained at the level of sovereign monarchy, and the Allied headquarters expelled from public office by issuing a free order. Measures such as the abolition of theocracy, the abolition of royal property, and other measures have removed the source of power and economic base of the emperor. After carefully examining the intentions of the Allied Command, the Japanese government has taken a closer look at the intentions of the Allied Command. He made it clear that he was willing to accept the United States' proposal to retain the symbol of the imperial system, and that it was planned by the think-tanks, Emperor Showa issued the "Manifesto on Earth" and took a visit that made the whole country feel grateful. In order to establish the symbolism of the emperor in law, the general assembly of the League urged the Japanese government to amend its constitution. Because the draft constitutional amendment made by the Japanese government was too conservative and far from the requirements of the general assembly of the union, the general director of the league made his own draft constitution. Force the Japanese government to accept. In this way, the Constitution of Japan was finally issued after several amendments. The introduction of the Constitution of Japan marks that Japan's symbol of the imperial system has been established in law. Of course, this country has been established. The immobilization and penetration of the body went through the following decades.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K313.5

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