十九世纪中后期美国爱尔兰移民与主流社会的冲突与适应

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:21

本文选题：主流社会　切入点：爱尔兰移民　出处：《东北师范大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国爱尔兰移民集中在 19 世纪中后期来到美国,可以说,这一时期到来的爱尔兰移民构成了美国爱尔兰移民族裔的基础。本文着重探讨了 19 世纪中后期美国爱尔兰移民的到来、定居、就业及与美国主流社会发生的冲突、适应过程。在这一同化过程中,爱尔兰移民特性对美国经济、政治、民族、宗教、社会、文化的发展以及美国多元化社会的形成有着自己独特的贡献。而大饥荒时期爱尔兰移民的独特流亡心理也对他们在美国的融合过程有着不可低估的影响。在与主流社会的冲突与适应过程中,爱尔兰移民对所遭遇的排斥有两种心理反应:反叛和迎合主流社会的标准。主流社会对美国爱尔兰移民的排斥造就了他们在政治上的成功而政治上的成功在某种程度上反而成为他们融入美国社会的阻碍。在爱尔兰美国人融合进美国社会的过程中,他们的觉醒的白人种族意识使他们攻击黑人以提高自己的地位,这种强调种族主义的意识随着爱尔兰人在美国城市政治中的影响而影响到日后的美国种族关系的发展。美国爱尔兰移民与后来的其他移民群体的冲突也构成了 19 世纪末 20 世纪初美国城市政治的一个特点。本文的第一部分是背景部分,叙述了 19 世纪中后期的爱尔兰移民与美国社会的情况,包括 19 世纪中后期大规模移民潮的爆发原因、特点、影响,面对爱尔兰天主教移民潮美国社会的反应及这种反应对爱尔兰移民同化模式的影响。本文的第二部分是主体部分,叙述了 19 世纪中后期爱尔兰移民与美国主流社会的冲突和融合,当时美国社会对天主教爱尔兰移民排斥、歧视,在这困难的过程中,爱尔兰移民独特的流亡者心理影响着他们在美国的同化过程,经历了磨难、困苦和不屈的奋斗,爱尔兰移民最终融入了美国社会,留下了自己独特的同化模式。本文的第三部分是认识部分,论述了 19 世纪到来的爱尔兰移民对当时和以后的美国历史发展的影响,可以说,今天的美国文化、宗教、民族的发展都受到了当年大批到来的天主教爱尔兰移民的影响,爱尔兰移民以自己的特色为美国历史的发展作出了卓越的贡献。本文的最后部分是结论,爱尔兰移民在美国与主流社会的冲突与适应是相互的过程,彼此影响的过程。
[Abstract]:Irish immigrants in the United States in late nineteenth Century came to the United States, it can be said that the arrival of Irish immigrants during this period of Irish American immigration of ethnic based. This paper focuses on the United States in the late nineteenth Century Irish immigrants settled employment and conflict, with the U.S. mainstream society to adapt to the process. In the process of assimilation in the characteristics of Irish immigrants to the U.S. economy, political, ethnic, religious, social and cultural development and the formation of American pluralistic society has its own unique contribution. But during the great famine of Irish immigrants in exile for their unique psychological fusion process in the United States have the impact should not be underestimated in the conflict with the mainstream. The society and the process of adaptation, Irish immigrants has two kinds of psychological reactions to encounter rejection: rebel and cater to the mainstream society of Irish American mainstream society. The exclusion of immigrants created their success in politics and political success in some extent but they become into American society. In the process of blocking fusion of Irish Americans into American society, their awakening consciousness that they attack the black white race to enhance their status, this emphasis on racism with consciousness influence of Irish people in the United States City in politics and affect the development of race relations in the United States after the conflict. On the Irish Americans and later other immigrant groups also form at the end of nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century America city politics a characteristic.
The first part is the background part, the Irish immigrants in the late nineteenth Century and the American society, including the mass immigration in the late nineteenth Century tide outbreak reason, characteristics, effects, and the effect of reaction in the face of the Irish Catholic immigrants in American society to deal with anti Irish immigrant assimilation model.
The second part is the main part of the conflict and integration in the late nineteenth Century Irish immigrants and the mainstream of American society, the American Society of Catholic Irish immigrants in the process of exclusion, discrimination, difficulty, Irish immigrants unique psychological influence of their exile in the United States the process of assimilation, suffering, hardship and unyielding struggle, Irish immigrants eventually assimilated into American society, leaving their own unique assimilation mode.
This is the third part of the knowledge part, discusses the Irish immigrants arrived in nineteenth Century to the historical development of the influence, said that today's American culture, religion, national development is coming when a large number of Catholic Irish immigrants influence, Irish immigrants have made outstanding contributions to their own characteristics for the development of the history of the United States.
The final part of this article is the conclusion that the conflict and adaptation of Irish immigrants in the United States and the mainstream society are the process of mutual influence.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K712.4

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