中世纪盛期英国的经验科学思想

发布时间：2018-03-13 14:25

本文选题：中世纪盛期　切入点：英国经验科学思想　出处：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中世纪盛期英国经验科学思想的萌发首先得益于阿拉伯文化的传播,阿拉伯文化为中世纪的西欧提供了经验观察和实用的哲学、科学方法。古典哲学通过阿拉伯这一中介渗透到中世纪的西欧文明中,使中世纪神学的唯名论展现出了重视理性、个体的经验科学思想因素。中世纪盛期的英国学者进一步发展了古典哲学和阿拉伯科学中的经验科学思想因素,对自然科学、哲学著作的翻译为英国经验科学思想的萌发做了必要的学术准备;自然哲学的精神在中世纪英国的牛津大学得以发扬,经验科学的进步思想在牛津大学的学子身上得到体现。学者的翻译活动与牛津大学的兴起为英国经验科学思想的萌发提供了肥沃的文化土壤。中世纪盛期英国的经验科学思想立足于人类的自然理性。在本体论上承认世界的物质存在,把理性运用于物质世界中,把可感的物质世界作为探求的中心;经验科学思想对理性与信仰的区分在客观上把理性分离出来,理性的独立为经验认识论方法的发展和人们探索物质世界提供了可能性。在“共相”问题上,经验科学思想家强调具体个别事物在人类认识中的中心地位,与此相对应的是经验、感觉的认识论和从个别到一般的认知路线。在方法上,它提倡具体实际的应用,把科学实验作为获得真理的一种有效途径。这些英国学者依靠自己的智慧和努力在批判继承阿拉伯传统与欧洲中世纪文化的基础上汲取了其中唯物的、经验的思想因素,使英国形成了独特的经验科学思想传统,为西欧走向近代科学迈出了第一步。
[Abstract]:At the height of the Middle Ages, the British thought of empirical science first benefited from the spread of Arab culture, which provided empirical observation and practical philosophy for medieval Western Europe. The classical philosophy permeated the medieval civilization of Western Europe through the intermediary of Arab, which made the nominalism of medieval theology show the importance of reason and the factors of the individual's empirical scientific thought. At the height of the Middle Ages, British scholars further developed the factors of empirical science thought in classical philosophy and Arab science, and made necessary academic preparations for the germination of British empirical science thought through the translation of natural science and philosophical works. The spirit of natural philosophy was developed at Oxford University in England in the Middle Ages. The progressive thought of empirical science is embodied in the students of Oxford University whose translation activities and the rise of Oxford University provide a fertile cultural soil for the germination of the British thought of empirical science. At the height of the Middle Ages, the thought of empirical science in England was based on the natural rationality of human beings. In ontology, it acknowledged the existence of the material world, applied reason to the material world, and took the perceptible material world as the center of exploration. The distinction between reason and belief is objectively separated by the thought of empirical science. The independence of reason provides the possibility for the development of empirical epistemological methods and the exploration of the material world. The thinkers of empirical science emphasize the central position of specific and individual things in human cognition, corresponding to experience, epistemology of feeling and cognitive route from individual to general. These British scholars, relying on their own wisdom and efforts, have drawn on their own wisdom and efforts the materialistic, experiential elements of thought on the basis of criticizing and inheriting Arab traditions and medieval European culture. It made Britain form a unique tradition of empirical science and took the first step towards modern science in Western Europe.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.3

【参考文献】