论贵霜帝国的政治和经济

发布时间：2018-03-13 17:29

本文选题：贵霜　切入点：政治　出处：《贵州师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 贵霜帝国是大月氏人在中亚建立的政权。公元前2世纪初,大月氏人居于中国的西部敦煌与祁连山之间,随牲畜移徙,势力强大。约公元前165年,大月氏人为匈奴所败,经天山北路,迁至锡尔河北岸,逐塞种人据其地;后又为乌孙所败,迁至阿姆河,控制了锡尔河与阿姆河流域,在阿姆河以北的粟特地方建都。以后,大月氏人越过阿姆河,来到巴克特里亚。在此,大月氏人逐渐从游牧转为以农业为主的生活,社会制度也逐渐从原始社会过渡到阶级社会,建立起大帝国。贵霜帝国实行专制统治。国王是最高统治者,集军事、政治、经济和宗教于一身。中央高级官吏都由国王任命,军队由国王统帅,赋税的征收或免除由国王决定,宗教界的高级祭司由国王任命,王权凌驾于教权之上。贵霜帝国不采用分封制,而是实行中央集权制。地方政权分两类,一类由国王直接派官员统治,地方官员向中央负责,地方政权有省和村两级;一类是在边远地区实行间接统治,原统治者在接受国王的册封时,对国王表示效忠,并向国王缴纳一定数额的贡赋。在贵霜帝国统治时期,中亚的灌溉农业、畜牧业、手工业和商业在以往的基础上都有了进一步的发展。通过对贵霜帝国时代的灌溉系统遗迹、手工业遗迹、钱币等考古资料的发掘,以及对铭文文献的研究,可以了解到贵霜统治者注重经济的恢复和发展。在贵霜帝国统治时期,中亚与周边国家交往频繁,中亚成为东西方经济文化交流和荟萃之地。
[Abstract]:The Imperial Empire was established by the Dayue people in Central Asia. At the beginning of 2th century BC, Dayue lived between Dunhuang and Qilian Mountains in western China, and moved with livestock. About 165 BC, Dayue was defeated by Xiongnu. On the north side of the Tianshan Mountains, they moved to the northern shore of the Sirr River, where they were defeated by Ussun, and then moved to the Amu River, where they took control of the Sirr and Amu River basins, and built their capital in the Sute area north of the Amu River. Later, the Daeyue crossed the Amu River. Come to Bakht. Here, the Daeyueans gradually changed from nomadic to mainly agricultural life, and the social system gradually from primitive society to class society, the establishment of a great empire. The king is the supreme ruler, who combines military, political, economic and religious affairs. The central and senior officials are appointed by the king, the army is commanded by the king, and the levy or exemption of taxes is decided by the king. The high priests of the religious circles were appointed by the king, and Wang Quan prevailed over the religious power. The imperial empire did not adopt a sub-seal system, but implemented a centralized system of power. Local regimes were divided into two categories, one being ruled directly by the king, and the local officials accountable to the central government. The local government has provincial and village levels; one is indirect rule in remote areas, when the original ruler accepted the king's canonization, he pledged allegiance to the king and paid a certain amount of tribute to the king. During the reign of your Frost Empire, irrigated agriculture, animal husbandry, handicraft industry and commerce in Central Asia all developed on the basis of the past. The excavation of archaeological materials such as coins, as well as the study of the inscriptions and documents, show that the rulers of the precious frost pay attention to the recovery and development of the economy. During the reign of the Imperial Empire, Central Asia had frequent exchanges with the neighboring countries. Central Asia has become a place of economic and cultural exchanges between East and West.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K36

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