19-20世纪初的俄国贵族团体

发布时间：2018-03-19 13:45

本文选题：贵族团体　切入点：贵族会议　出处：《苏州科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1785年颁布的《御赐贵族特权诏书》以法律的形式明确了俄国贵族等级所享有的权利和特权。贵族获得了自治的特权,诏书规定各省贵族通过建立“贵族团体”来行使自己的自治特权,所有世袭贵族都是当地贵族团体的成员。贵族团体又分为省贵族团体和县贵族团体,贵族会议是贵族团体的权力机构,会议定期召开,在贵族会议上讨论并解决当地贵族事务、选举首席贵族、监督当地贵族的日常生活和贵族履行政府义务的情况、维护贵族等级的荣誉和特权地位、审核并确认当地贵族的人数,此外贵族会议还有向贵族征税的权力。首席贵族制度是贵族会议的执行机关,负责执行贵族会议的决议,在贵族会议休会期间负责管理当地贵族和贵族团体的其他机构。除了行使贵族的自治权,贵族团体还被赋予了参与地方行政管理的责任。从19世纪开始贵族团体一直在地方政府体制中发挥着重要的作用,贵族团体不仅是贵族的自治组织,也是半官方的地方政府机构。此外,在救济贫困贵族、照顾老弱贵族和教育贵族子弟等问题上,贵族团体都发挥了不可替代的作用。这些活动在本质上都是为了维护贵族等级的特权地位,但是随着俄国资本主义的发展,代表封建地主利益的贵族等级不可避免的衰落了。在二月革命爆发之后,贵族团体也和贵族等级一起退出了俄国的历史舞台。总之,历史上的俄国贵族团体一直具有双重的属性,它既是贵族等级利益的维护者和捍卫者,也是帝俄时期政治生活的重要参与者。
[Abstract]:In 1785, the Royal Royal decree on the granting of aristocratic privileges defined the rights and privileges of the Russian aristocracy in the form of laws. The aristocracy was granted the privilege of autonomy. The imperial edict stipulates that the provincial aristocrats exercise their autonomous privileges through the establishment of "aristocratic groups". All hereditary aristocrats are members of local aristocratic groups, which are further divided into provincial aristocratic groups and county aristocratic groups. The aristocratic council is the authority of the aristocratic community, which is regularly convened to discuss and resolve the local aristocratic affairs, elect the chief aristocrats, and supervise the daily life of the local aristocrats and the fulfilment by the nobles of their governmental obligations. Maintaining the honor and privileged status of the aristocracy, examining and confirming the number of local aristocrats, and, in addition, the aristocracy has the power to tax the nobles. The chief aristocracy is the executive organ of the aristocracy, which is responsible for enforcing the decisions of the aristocracy, Responsible for the administration of the local aristocracy and other bodies of aristocratic groups during the recess of the Council of nobles... except for the exercise of aristocratic autonomy, Aristocratic groups have also been entrusted with the responsibility of participating in local administration. Since 19th century, aristocratic groups have been playing an important role in the local government system, and aristocratic groups are not only the autonomous organizations of nobles, It is also a semi-official local government agency. In addition, on such issues as relief to the poor aristocrats, care for the elderly and the weak aristocrats, and education for the children of the aristocrats, Aristocratic groups played an irreplaceable role. These activities were essentially intended to preserve the privileged status of the aristocracy, but with the development of Russian capitalism, The aristocratic class, which represented the interests of the feudal landlords, inevitably declined. After the revolution in February, aristocratic groups withdrew from Russia's historical stage along with the aristocratic classes. The historical Russian aristocratic group has a dual attribute, which is not only the guardian and defender of the aristocratic interests, but also an important participant in the political life of the imperial Russia period.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K512

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