“中国礼仪之争”对朝鲜社会的影响

发布时间：2018-03-31 12:24

本文选题：中国礼仪之争　切入点：朝鲜　出处：《延边大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： “中国礼仪之争”起始于17世纪的西学东渐时期,是东方儒家思想与西方天主教思想的一次冲突与碰撞。明清之际,耶酥会士为西学东渐做出了很大贡献,他们所遵循的“利玛窦规矩”使天主教在中国得以顺利传播。利玛窦去世后,耶稣会内部出现了关于中国的天主教徒是否要遵从中国传统礼仪的争论,后来其它几个教派也参与争论,由此引起了康熙皇帝与罗马教皇之间的交涉。随着争论规模的扩大和有关冲突的升级,清廷于18世纪初开始禁止在中国传播天主教。禁教前后持续了一百多年,直到19世纪中叶。清朝的禁教,在有效抵抗天主教思想入侵、维护封建统治的同时,阻碍了西学东渐,在客观上阻碍和推迟了中国的近代化进程。中国和朝鲜有深厚的历史渊源,两国之间长期保持着密切的政治、经济和文化关系。发生在中国的“礼仪之争”,无疑会对朝鲜造成一定的影响。史实证明,它与朝鲜后世的宗教、科技、思想和社会都有千丝万缕的关系。朝鲜天主教的传播进程明显受到“中国礼仪之争”的影响。朝鲜的天主教是砂中国传入的。该国的“燕行使臣”在出使中国时,与北京的西方传教士有较多的接触,并于1784年自主引入了天主教。1790年,北京主教汤士选告诫朝鲜教徒,禁止祭祀祖先,此事成为朝鲜“礼仪之争”的导火索。翌年,朝鲜出现了教徒“废祀焚主”的“珍山事件”,随即遭到政府的严厉处置。此后,朝鲜出现了“斥邪”风潮,统治者对天主教进行了多次大规模的镇压。天主教在朝鲜的传播历程充满了曲折与坎坷。受“中国礼仪之争”影响,朝鲜社会对西方科技的吸收,到19世纪初几乎处于停滞状态。朝鲜社会吸收西方科技,最初是从中国的汉译西学书开始的,中国是朝鲜吸收西方科技的重要渠道。18世纪初中国的禁教,使朝鲜吸收西方科技的源泉枯竭。朝鲜统治者最初对吸收西方科技持有积极的态度,随着天主教的传入及其与性理学的冲突,李朝政府开始全面排拒西学。18世纪末,朝鲜开始禁教,更是阻止汉译西学书的传入。中朝两国先后禁教,使朝鲜吸收西方科技受到极大挫折。 “中国礼仪之争”对朝鲜近代思想与社会发展也存在着潜在的影响。“中国礼仪之争”是朝鲜近代“卫正斥邪”思想重新抬头的诱因之一。“卫正斥邪”思想与朝鲜的“锁国攘夷”政策相呼应,在有效抗击列强侵扰的同时,朝鲜的社会更加孤立。由于百年禁教,中国直到鸦片战争前后才开始接受西方近代先进思想,朝鲜则比中国更晚,朝鲜近代化运动的失败,与此有一定关系。另外,清朝禁教之后,中国的社会更趋封闭,发展更加缓慢,中国在西方资本主义飞速发展的同时渐渐落伍。在资本主义列强的侵略和冲击下,朝鲜终止了与中国的朝贡册封关系。
[Abstract]:"the dispute over Chinese etiquette" began in the 17th century, during the period of Western learning to the east. It was a clash and collision between Eastern Confucianism and Western Catholic thought. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Jesuit made great contributions to the eastward spread of Western learning. The "Ricci rules" they followed allowed Catholicism to spread smoothly in China. After Matteo Ricci's death, there was a debate within the Jesuits about whether Catholics in China should abide by Chinese traditional rituals. Later several other denominations joined in the dispute, which led to negotiations between Emperor Kangxi and the Pope of Rome. As the dispute grew in scope and related conflicts escalated, The Qing government banned the spread of Catholicism in China at the beginning of the 18th century. The ban lasted for more than a hundred years, until the middle of the 19th century. The ban on Catholicism effectively resisted the invasion of Catholic ideology and maintained feudal rule, and at the same time prevented Western learning from spreading to the east. Objectively, it obstructs and delays the process of modernization of China. China and North Korea have deep historical ties, and the two countries have maintained close political, economic and cultural relations for a long time. The "dispute of etiquette" that takes place in China will undoubtedly have a certain impact on the DPRK. Historical facts have proved that. It is closely related to Korean religion, science and technology, thought and society. The spread of Korean Catholicism was obviously influenced by the "dispute over Chinese etiquette." North Korea's Catholicism was introduced by Sand China. When the country's "Yan Qian Chen" was travelling to China, it had more contact with Western missionaries in Beijing. He introduced Catholicism on his own in 1784. In 1790, Bishop Tang Shixuan of Beijing warned Korean Christians against sacrificing their ancestors, which became the trigger for a "ceremonial dispute" in North Korea. The "Jin-shan incident" of abrogation and immolation in North Korea was dealt with harshly by the government. Since then, there has been a wave of "excoriating evil" in North Korea. The rulers suppressed Catholicism on a large scale. The spread of Catholicism in North Korea was full of twists and turns. Under the influence of the "dispute of Chinese etiquette", the absorption of western science and technology in Korean society was almost at a standstill by the beginning of the 19th century. China is an important channel for North Korea to absorb western science and technology. China's ban on education in the early 18th century dried up the source of North Korea's absorption of Western science and technology. The DPRK rulers initially held a positive attitude towards the absorption of Western science and technology. With the introduction of Catholicism and its conflict with sexology, the Li Dynasty government began to completely reject Western learning. At the end of the 18th century, North Korea began to ban religion, and even more to prevent the introduction of Chinese-translated books on western studies. China and North Korea have successively banned religion. North Korea's absorption of Western technology was greatly frustrated. "the controversy of Chinese etiquette" also has a potential influence on the modern thought and social development of Korea. "the controversy of Chinese etiquette" is one of the inducements of the rise of the thought of "Wei Zheng reproving evil" in modern Korea, and the thought of "Wei Zheng denouncing evil" and North Korea. Echoing the policy of "locking the country into the barbarians", While effectively fighting against the invasion of foreign powers, North Korea's society became more isolated. Because of the century-old ban on religion, China did not begin to accept the advanced ideas of the West until around the Opium War, while North Korea was later than China, and the Korean modernization movement failed. It has something to do with this. In addition, after the ban on religion in the Qing Dynasty, China's society became more closed and developed more slowly, and China gradually fell behind with the rapid development of Western capitalism. Under the aggression and impact of the capitalist powers, North Korea ended its canonized relations with China.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K312

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