“小冰期”对14世纪早期英格兰社会的影响

发布时间：2018-04-01 18:06

本文选题：小冰期　切入点：14世纪早期　出处：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候是当今世界各国都关注的问题，气候的变动对人们的生产、生活起着重要的作用。对于14世纪早期主要依靠土地为生的中世纪人们来说，，气候决定着人们的生活水平。当人们谈论着好年景、坏年景时，他们主要是说在这种气候环境下谷物收获量怎么样、谷物价格如何。但气候的无法预测性给中世纪的人们留下不安全感，气候的反复无常也被认为是凶兆。本文将从14世纪早期“小冰期”气候异常入手，试图从多方面阐述气候对中世纪晚期英格兰社会带来的影响。本文主要分四个部分：第一部分：“小冰期”气候异常的表现。这部分主要阐述“小冰期”的由来、时间界定,以及气候异常的表现。第二部分：气候异常对经济的影响。从谷物产量、牲畜数量、手工业方面入手，进而说明气候异常对经济的影响，这也是本文论述的重点之一。第三部分：气候异常对人们生活水平的影响。气候异常导致生活日用品价格上涨，地主阶级的消费水平相对下降，普通大众生活水平也遭受重大打击。第四部分：气候异常引发社会问题。气候异常引发英格兰一系列的社会问题，死亡率上升、犯罪率增加、土地流转加快，进而说明气候异常给英格兰社会带来的变化。
[Abstract]:Climate is a problem concerned by all countries in the world. Climate change plays an important role in people's production and life.For medieval people who depended mainly on land for their livelihood in the early 14 th century, climate determined their standard of living.When people talk about good and bad years, they mainly say how much grain is harvested and what grain prices are in this climate.But the unpredictability of the climate left people in the Middle Ages insecure and capricious.This paper attempts to expound the influence of climate on the society of England in the late Middle Ages from the early 14th century "Little Ice Age" climate anomaly.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part: the manifestation of climate anomaly in the "Little Ice Age".This part mainly expounds the origin, time definition and climate anomaly of the Little Ice Age.The second part: the influence of climate anomaly on economy.From the aspects of grain yield, livestock quantity and handicraft industry, this paper explains the influence of climate anomaly on economy, which is also one of the emphases of this paper.The third part: the influence of climate anomaly on people's living standard.The abnormal weather caused the daily necessities price to rise, the landlord class consumption level relative drop, the general public living standard also suffered the heavy blow.Part IV: climate anomalies cause social problems.The abnormal climate causes a series of social problems in England, such as rising death rate, increasing crime rate and accelerating land circulation.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561;P467

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