英格兰早期地方报纸1700-1760

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:08

本文选题：英格兰　切入点：地方报纸　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：17世纪英格兰取代了新闻业处于领先地位的尼德兰,成为世界新闻中心。此后,英国的报纸发展在20世纪之前一直走在世界的前列,代表着报纸发展的方向。英格兰早期的报纸经历了从“科兰特(coranto)"(新闻书)演变到新闻纸(newspaper)的过程。1665年英格兰第一份正式报纸《伦敦公报》的出现,标志着新闻书时期结束,报纸时代正式来临。但在1695年之前,由于特许出版制度的存在,报纸的创办都仅限于伦敦,地方级的报刊是不允许存在的。从1665年《伦敦官报》到1702年第一份地方报纸《诺威奇邮报》的出现,中间相隔了37年。报纸使得阅读在18世纪的英格兰经历了一种根本转变；增加了民众的政治意识,作为公共领域形成的重要媒介；推动了地方经济的发展；进而影响了整个英国的历史进程。有鉴于此,本文从英格兰早期地方报业着手,重点考察地方报业的兴起原因、发展、及其影响。本文分四章。第一章主要描述了英格兰早期报纸的演进,即从“科兰特”演变到新闻纸的过程。正文第二章主要分析英格兰早期地方报业兴起的原因。首先交代了1695年《许可证法案》的废除,报业的出版环境较以前大为宽松,成为英格兰报业发展史上一个至关重要的转折点。随后,论述了人口的增多和城市化的进程对于地方报业发展的推动作用。最后,讨论了印刷商在地方报纸出现过程中的重要贡献。第三章考察了影响英格兰早期地方报纸发展的因素。印刷方法的更新是地方报纸发展的首要因素；印花税对地方报纸的发展起了较大的作用,它决定了地方报纸的版面大小、价格和发展的阶段性；此外,传递服务的加强也促进了地方报纸的发展。第四章详细描述了英格兰早期地方报纸的主要内容。18世纪前20年,欧洲战争不断,报导战争的进程和战略战术首先成为地方报纸的主题。同时,外国新闻也占据了大部分18世纪英格兰地方报纸的版面。其次,报纸的历史始终是和政府模式的历史纠缠在一起的,为了获得公众的支持,18世纪的英格兰政府不可避免要利用出版业。为了吸引更多的读者,地方报纸还涉及了贸易评论和娱乐消息。最后,五花八门的广告也是地方报纸表现的内容,它们把18世纪英格兰的社会经济生活展现得淋漓尽致。结语部分论述了英格兰早期地方报业的社会影响：第一,英格兰早期地方报纸渐渐承担了教育公众的任务,大大提高了人们的识字率,帮助弥补了当时贫乏的教育。第二,地方报纸对民众普及了政治,报纸成为公众参与政治生活并借以对抗国家权力机关的媒介。第三,地方报纸还推动了18世纪英格兰商业的发展和经济的繁荣,大大提高了国民的生活水准。总之,18世纪英格兰地方报业对于整个英国历史进程的影响是不容忽视的。
[Abstract]:In the 17th century England replaced the leading newspaper industry in Nedran as a world news centre. Since then, British newspapers have been at the forefront of the world until the 20th century. It represents the direction of newspaper development. Early newspapers in England underwent a process from "Corland" (news book) to newsprint (newspaper). The emergence of the first official English newspaper, the London Gazette, in 1665 marked the end of the news book period. The newspaper era was officially approaching. But before 1695, with the existence of the franchise system, the establishment of newspapers was confined to London. Local newspapers were not allowed to exist. From 1665 to 1702 when the first local newspaper, the Norwich Post, appeared, it was 37 years apart. Newspapers made reading go through a fundamental transformation in England in the 18th century, increased people's political consciousness as an important medium for the formation of the public sphere, promoted the development of local economy; In view of this, this paper focuses on the causes, development and influence of the local newspaper industry in early England. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly describes the evolution of early English newspapers. The second chapter mainly analyzes the reasons for the rise of the early local newspaper industry in England. First, it explains the abolition of the Licensing Act in 1695, and the publishing environment of the newspaper industry is much more relaxed than before. To become a crucial turning point in the history of the newspaper industry in England. Then, the paper discusses the role of population growth and urbanization in promoting the development of local newspapers. Finally, The important contribution of printers to the emergence of local newspapers was discussed. The third chapter examines the factors that affect the development of local newspapers in early England. The updating of printing methods is the primary factor in the development of local newspapers. Stamp duty plays a great role in the development of local newspapers, which determines the size of local newspapers. Prices and stages of development; in addition, the strengthening of delivery services also promoted the development of local newspapers. The fourth chapter describes in detail the main contents of the early English local newspapers. During the first 20 years of the 18th century, European wars continued, and the process of reporting on the war and the strategy and tactics first became the themes of the local newspapers. Foreign news also occupied most of the pages of local newspapers in England in the 18th century. Secondly, the history of newspapers has always been entangled with the history of the government model. In order to gain public support, the 18th century England government inevitably used the publishing industry. In order to attract more readers, local newspapers also covered trade reviews and entertainment news. Finally, Advertisements are also a feature of local newspapers, revealing the social and economic life of England in the 18 th century. The conclusion discusses the social impact of early English local newspapers: first, the early English local newspapers gradually assumed the task of educating the public, which greatly improved the literacy rate of the people and helped to make up for the poor education at that time. Local newspapers popularized politics for the people, and they became a medium for the public to participate in political life and to confront the organs of state power. Third, local newspapers also contributed to the development of business and the prosperity of the economy in England in the 18th century. It has greatly improved the standard of living of the people. In a word, the influence of the 18 th century English local press on the course of British history can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561;G219.561

【共引文献】