美国应对柏林封锁的政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 10:47

本文选题：柏林封锁　切入点：美国政策　出处：《首都师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文主要探讨了美国应对柏林封锁的政策。面对苏联的封锁，美国政府首先做出留在柏林，进行空运的决策。尔后，在空运得以加强的基础上，美国政府提出了通过外交谈判来解决危机的政策，最终危机得以和平解决。全文分为三章：第一章论述了柏林封锁的两大背景：一是美苏冷战拉开帷幕，二是美苏在德国问题上的分歧，此外，本章还叙述了美国对苏联实施封锁的早期预测和措施。第二章论述了苏联全面封锁柏林后，柏林美国军事当局和华盛顿的讨论，，美国最后做出留在柏林进行空运的决策，并进一步论述了美国初期决策的特征及深层次的原因。在本章中还论述了在美英空运加强的基础上，美英法苏四国展开的莫斯科协商和柏林军事长官间的协商。第三章论述了柏林城市分裂之后，在把柏林问题提交给联合国的同时，美国采取措施加强分裂德国。1949年春，西方空运进一步加强，西方对苏占区的经济封锁达到极限，西方加速建立西德国家和北约。在这种情况下，苏联领导者感到封锁不能达到其目的，遂向美国发出了可以解除封锁的暗示。美国迅速抓住了这一机会，由此双方开始了解除封锁的杰塞普-马立克协商，并最终达成了解除封锁的协定。通过分析，本文认为，空运和外交谈判是美国处理柏林危机的两项主要政策。空运和谈判都取得了成效，二者相辅相成，空运增加了谈判的筹码，谈判为空运赢得了宝贵的时间。柏林危机以及它的和平解决，突出显示了冷战的特点，虽然柏林封锁导致双方的紧张对抗，但是双方都留有余地，避免了正面战争，并最终通过谈判解决了这一危机，这也充分体现了冷战所具有的自我控制机制的特点。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the policy of the United States to deal with the blockade in Berlin. In the face of the blockade of the Soviet Union, the United States government first made the decision to stay in Berlin and carry out air transportation. Later, on the basis of the strengthening of air transportation, The American government put forward the policy of resolving the crisis through diplomatic negotiation, and finally the crisis was resolved peacefully. The full text is divided into three chapters: the first chapter discusses the two major backgrounds of the Berlin blockade: the beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on the German issue. This chapter also describes the early predictions and measures of the blockade imposed by the United States against the Soviet Union. Chapter two discusses the discussions between the US military authorities in Berlin and Washington after the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the decision of the United States to stay in Berlin for air transportation. The paper also discusses the characteristics and reasons of the initial decision-making in the United States. In this chapter, it also discusses the basis of the strengthening of air transportation in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Moscow consultation between the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union and the consultation between the military Chiefs of Berlin. Chapter III discusses the Berlin issue after the division of the city, and at the same time referring the Berlin issue to the United Nations, the United States took measures to strengthen the division of Germany. In the spring of 1949, Western air transportation was further strengthened, the economic blockade imposed by the West on the Soviet occupation region reached its limit, and the West accelerated the establishment of West Germany and NATO. Under such circumstances, Soviet leaders felt that the blockade could not achieve its purpose. The United States quickly seized the opportunity and the two sides began the Jessup-Malik negotiations to lift the blockade and finally reached an agreement to lift it. Through analysis, this paper holds that air transportation and diplomatic negotiations are the two main policies of the United States in dealing with the Berlin crisis. The Berlin crisis and its peaceful settlement have highlighted the characteristics of the cold war. Although the Berlin blockade has led to a tense confrontation between the two sides, both sides have left room to avoid direct war. Finally, the crisis was resolved through negotiation, which fully reflects the characteristics of self-control mechanism of the cold war.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K153

【引证文献】