二战后美国政府规制下利益集团的合法性重塑

发布时间：2018-04-02 18:50

本文选题：二战　切入点：政府规制　出处：《河南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：利益集团是美国代议制民主的补充,是美国民主政治的重要组成部分。学界对于利益集团产生的理论、利益集团对美国政治体系中三权分立的影响、关于利益集团的好坏的争论、利益集团对中美关系的影响等等,给予了较多的关注。对于利益集团的合法性问题则关注不够,我以“二战”这个时间为节点,从政府规制的视角对利益集团的合法性重塑进行考察。利益集团在二战以前之所以在美国政治土壤中能够生存和发展,是由于利益集团在美国的政治体系中有着深厚的合法性基础,并且美国民众也热衷于参加各式各样的利益集团,美国政府也善于发掘利益集团的政治潜力。二战以前,利益集团为了维护自身利益,不惜以金钱、美色等手段对政府官员进行贿赂,这败坏了美国的政治风气,损害了美国政府的权威,引起了广大民众的不满,同时利益集团的自身也名誉扫地,形象毁损严重,导致了自身的合法性危机。二战以后,为了将利益集团的活动重新纳入合法性轨道,美国政府可谓用心良苦,美国政府颁布了一系列切实有效的法律,以法律规制的方式将利益集团的活动控制在法律规定的范围之内。在政府的规制下,利益集团也在努力地调整自身,通过自身的调整去适应时代的发展。利益集团的调整包括自身的形象重塑、影响重点的转移和影响策略的转变等等,通过调整利益集团将自身的政治活动重新纳入合法性轨道,在政党政治逐渐衰落的大背景下,利益集团政治的发展的空间也会越来越大,在美国政治体系所起的作用将越来越大。通过对二战后政府规制下利益集团合法性重塑的考察,我们发现利益集团远比我们想象中的“坚强”,它有自己的“魅力”,美国民众“钟情”于它,美国政府更需要它,因此我们认为适合的就是最好的,“存在的就是合理的”,在评价利益集团时我们应该抛弃意识形态的因素,客观地认识到利益集团对美国民主政治的发展所起的作用。
[Abstract]:Interest group is the supplement of American representative democracy and an important part of American democratic politics.Scholars pay more attention to the theory of interest group, the influence of interest group on the separation of three powers in American political system, the argument about the good or bad of interest group, and the influence of interest group on the relationship between China and the United States.The legitimacy of interest groups is not enough concern, I take "World War II" as a node, from the perspective of government regulation of interest group legitimacy remodeling.The reason why interest groups could survive and develop in the political soil of the United States before World War II was because interest groups had a deep legal foundation in the political system of the United States, and the American people were keen to join various interest groups.The US government is also good at tapping the political potential of interest groups.Before World War II, in order to safeguard their own interests, interest groups did not hesitate to bribe government officials by means of money, beauty and other means. This undermined the political atmosphere in the United States, damaged the authority of the US government, and caused dissatisfaction among the general public.At the same time, the interest group itself is also discredited, the image is damaged seriously, leading to its legitimacy crisis.After World War II, in order to bring the activities of interest groups back into the track of legitimacy, the United States Government was painstaking. The United States Government promulgated a series of effective laws.The activities of interest groups should be controlled within the scope of the law by the way of legal regulation.Under the government regulation, interest groups are also trying to adjust themselves, through their own adjustment to adapt to the development of the times.The adjustment of interest group includes the reconstruction of its own image, the shift of influence emphasis and the change of influence strategy, and so on. By adjusting the interest group's political activities into the legitimacy track, under the background of the gradual decline of political party politics,Interest group politics will have more and more room for development and will play an increasingly important role in the American political system.Through the investigation of the remolding of the legitimacy of interest groups under government regulation after World War II, we find that interest groups are far more "strong" than we thought, that they have their own "charm", that the American people "love" it, and that the US government needs it even more.Therefore, what we think is suitable is the best, "what exists is reasonable". In evaluating interest groups, we should abandon the ideological factors and objectively recognize the role of interest groups in the development of American democratic politics.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5

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