英国纽卡斯尔采煤工业及煤炭贸易研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:10

本文选题：纽卡斯尔　切入点：采煤工业　出处：《天津师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：纽卡斯尔是英国重要煤炭工业城市,也是英国最大煤炭港口。从中世纪到现代它一直是英国重要的煤炭输出地,从15世纪起这里出产的煤炭就已享誉欧洲,有“海煤”之称。漫长的中世纪里,纽卡斯尔完成了由一个以军事防御为主的城堡到一个采煤业城市的转变。这一转变对纽卡斯尔至关重要,因为它决定了城市以后的发展方向,也奠定了纽卡斯尔在未来英国的地位。16世纪后纽卡斯尔的发展,与煤炭工业和煤炭贸易息息相关。本文论述了从16世纪到20世纪早期,纽卡斯尔采煤工业与贸易的发展历程,并将其最初的发展与近代英国经济的转型和工业革命前“大工业”对煤炭的需求结合起来,论述了各个时期纽卡斯尔采煤工业和煤炭贸易的特征,尤其对采煤工业的环节和煤炭贸易的组织作了较为详细的剖析。工业革命对纽卡斯尔产生了重要的影响,不仅是大机器生产所需要的大量煤炭刺激了其采煤业和煤炭贸易的发展,更重要的是现代化机器广泛地应用于纽卡斯尔的煤炭生产和煤炭贸易中,促使其产生了一系列生产与组织上的变革,并对纽卡斯尔城市发展产生深刻影响。19世纪以后,纽卡斯尔向着以煤炭工业为基础、多种工业部门并举的综合性工业发展。繁忙的煤炭贸易也带动了纽卡斯尔港口的发展,19世纪末,纽卡斯尔成为英国最重要的港口之一工业与贸易的发展也使得城市规模不断扩大,人口不断增加,城市的社会服务职能也随之不断的完善,这一切都使得纽卡斯尔向一座现代化的城市发展,在今天纽卡斯尔已经成为英国东北部地区最大的工商业城市。
[Abstract]:Newcastle is an important coal industry city and the largest coal port in Britain.From the Middle Ages to modern times, it has been an important coal export to Britain. Since the 15th century, the coal produced here has enjoyed a reputation in Europe, known as "sea coal".During the long Middle Ages, Newcastle completed the transition from a fortified castle to a coal-mining city.This shift was crucial to Newcastle because it determined the future direction of the city and laid the foundation for Newcastle's position in the future in England. The development of Newcastle after the 16th century was closely related to the coal industry and the coal trade.This paper discusses the development of Newcastle coal mining industry and trade from the 16th century to the early 20th century, and combines its initial development with the transformation of modern British economy and the demand for coal by "big industry" before the industrial revolution.The characteristics of Newcastle coal mining industry and coal trade in different periods are discussed, especially the links of mining industry and the organization of coal trade are analyzed in detail.The industrial revolution had an important impact on Newcastle, not only because the large amount of coal needed for the production of large machines stimulated the development of its coal mining industry and the coal trade,More importantly, modern machines were widely used in Newcastle's coal production and coal trade, which led to a series of production and organizational changes, and had a profound impact on Newcastle's urban development after the 19th century.Newcastle developed to a comprehensive industry based on coal industry and developed simultaneously in many industrial sectors.The busy coal trade also led to the development of Newcastle port. At the end of the 19th century, Newcastle became one of the most important ports in BritainThe development of industry and trade also made the scale of the city expand, the population increased, and the social service function of the city improved, all of which led Newcastle to develop into a modern city.Newcastle has become the largest industrial and commercial city in the northeast of England today.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561.4

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