经互会改革的原因及结果剖析

发布时间：2018-04-08 15:56

本文选题：经互会　切入点：苏联　出处：《陕西师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 经互会是1949年1月,由苏联、罗马尼亚、捷克斯洛伐克、保加利亚、匈牙利、波兰六国建立的经济互助组织。成员国之间相互给予技术协助,提供原料、粮食、机器设备等方面的互助。经互会存在期间,虽然取得的成绩有目共睹,但内部的问题也不可忽视。随着问题的增多,经互会进行过多次改革,但由于成员国利益和认识的不同,改革只是对某些具体做法进行调整和完善,并不彻底,以致经互会最终不能应对新技术革命的挑战,随着东欧政权的更迭,经互会也随之解散。本文主要包括五章: 第一章:介绍了经互会建立的原因。战后西方提出了马歇尔计划,苏联为了自身的经济安全利益,需要加强他在东欧国家的影响,而东欧国家在苏联东欧实力悬殊的情况下,不得不与苏联接近,同时东欧国家还打算通过扩大与苏联的经济合作来发展本国的经济。第二章:经互会成员国由于国情、经济发展水平不同,难以达成一致的经济政策,而经济指导思想的落后及经互会内部双边贸易产生的问题,使经互会需要进行改革。赫鲁晓夫提出了建立经互会超国家机构的建议。本章重点论述了改革的原因及结果,苏联一方面想减轻苏东贸易带来的经济压力,一方面想避开欧共体带给苏联的经济安全威胁,而东欧国家也想通过经互会超国家机构来摆脱经济下滑、经济增长率下降等问题。但是以罗马尼亚为首的东欧国家最终却否决了建立经互会超国家机构的建议,主要是因为东欧国家害怕建立经互会超国家机构无法很好的解决本国利益和苏联利益之间的关系,从而使本国的经济发展失去控制。第三章:20世纪70年代,由于东西方关系的缓和,不但经互会内部贸易发展很快,而且经互会与西方贸易也有较大的发展。但是在发展的背后问题依然存在,针对经互会内经济增长率下降以及双边贸易和价格引起的问题,成员国提出加强经互会经济一体化的措施。苏联由于经济安全利益的需要,必须加强经互会的经济一体化,而东欧国家由于与西方的贸易受到挫折以及欧共体的压力也需要加强经互会内部经济一体化,基于共同的需求,经互会加强了经济一体化,并取得了很大的成就,扩大了成员国之间的贸易,促进了成员国的经济增长,提高了成员国人民的生活水平。第四章:进入到20世纪80年代后,经互会面临严重的社会经济危机。苏联社会经济呈现停滞状态,经济的畸形和各种深刻的内在矛盾,使其在国际综合国力的竞争中处于劣势,同发达资本主义国家的差距出现扩大趋势。东欧国家也处于能源短缺以及他们自己体制缺乏效率和技术落后所造成的危机之中。这一阶段充满了改革和争论,虽然戈尔巴乔夫上台后提出了一些改革措施,但是由于苏联、东欧国家都想重返“欧洲”,加入世界经济,害怕经互会阻碍其加入世界经济的进程,最终抛弃了经互会,最主要原因是苏联由于实力下降,无法再在经济合作中承担领导责任,最终导致了经互会的解散。第五章:经互会解散后,成员国的经济都遭受了很大的破坏,苏联解体、前南斯拉夫联盟内战、捷克斯洛伐克分裂导致地区贸易瓦解,而东欧国家加入欧盟也很困难。前经互会国家为了本国经济的发展,寻求与周边地区的经济合作,先后出现了许多区域经济组织,这些区域经济组织的出现对前经互会国家的经济发展起了很大作用。结论:概括经互会改革及失败原因,指出经互会的解散只是一种经济合作方式的消失,而不是区域经济合作的结束。目前区域经济合作是经济发展的主流,在经济全球化的背景下,每个国家必须先学会与周边国家合作,共同发展经济。
[Abstract]:CMEA is January 1949 by the Soviet Union, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland six established economic cooperation organization. Members to give each other technical assistance, to provide raw materials, food, machinery and other aspects of the mutual aid. Comecon existence period, although the achievements of the internal problems are obvious to people, but can not ignore. With the increasing problem, Comecon have many reform, but because the interests of the member countries and the different understanding of the reform, only for some specific methods of adjustment and improvement, is not complete, so that the final Comecon cannot cope with the challenges of the new technological revolution in Eastern Europe, with the change of regime, Comecon disbanded.
This paper mainly includes five chapters:
The first chapter introduces the reason of Comecon established. Postwar western proposed Marshall plan, the Soviet Union for their own economic security interests, the need to strengthen his influence in Eastern Europe, and Eastern European countries in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union unequal situation, had to close with the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, also intended to expand economic cooperation with the Soviet Union the development of the national economy.
The second chapter: Comecon members due to national conditions, different levels of economic development, it is difficult to reach agreement on the economic policy and economic backwardness and guiding ideology within the CMEA bilateral trade problems, the Comecon needs reform. Khrushchev proposed the establishment of CMEA supranational institutions. The emphasis of this chapter discusses the reasons and results of the reform, on the one hand to reduce the Soviet sotong trade economic pressure, on the one hand to avoid the threat to economic security to the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries want the CMEA supranational institutions to get rid of the economic downturn, the economic growth rate declined. But in Romania and other Eastern European countries but eventually rejected the establishment of CMEA supranational recommendations, mainly because of the Eastern European countries feared that the establishment of CMEA supranational institutions could not solve the national interests and the interests of the Soviet Union The relationship between economic development, so that their out of control.
The third chapter: in 1970s, due to the relaxation of East West relations, not only within the CMEA trade development is very rapid, but also the development of CMEA trade with the West. But there are still problems behind the development of the Comecon economic growth rate decline and bilateral trade and price problem caused by the members put forward to strengthen the Comecon economic integration measures. The Soviet Union due to economic security interests, we must strengthen the economic integration of Comecon, and Eastern European countries due to trade with the West and the setback pressure also need to strengthen the Comecon internal economic integration, both based on the needs of Comecon to strengthen economic integration, and has made great achievements, expand trade among member countries, promoted the member country's economic growth, improve people's living standards. Members
The fourth chapter: in 1980s, CMEA faced serious social economic crisis. The Soviet social economy stagnant, deformity and various economic profound internal contradictions, which are at a disadvantage in international competition of comprehensive national strength, with the developed capitalist countries gap has expanded trend. The Eastern European countries are also in lack of energy shortage as well as their own institutional crisis caused by the efficiency and backward technology. This stage is full of controversy and reform, Gorbachev made a number of reform measures, but because of the Soviet Union, Eastern European countries wanted to "return to Europe", into the world economy, fear of CMEA hindered its accession to the world economic, eventually abandoned the Comecon, the main reason is due to the strength of the Soviet Union fell, unable to bear the leadership responsibility in economic cooperation, eventually led to the Comecon solution Scattered.
The fifth chapter: after CMEA dissolution, member states have suffered great economic damage, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the former Yugoslavia civil war, Czechoslovakia division leads to collapse of trade, and Eastern European countries joined the EU is also very difficult. The former Comecon countries to the development of the national economy, to seek economic cooperation with neighboring regions, respectively there are many regional economic organizations, the regional economic organizations will play a significant role in the economic development of the countries.
Conclusion: summary of CMEA reform and pointed out the reasons for failure, the CMEA's dissolution is only a way of economic cooperation disappear, but not the end of regional economic cooperation. The regional economic cooperation is the mainstream of economic development, under the background of economic globalization, each country must first learn cooperation with neighboring countries, the common development of economy.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K153

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