美国黑人早期争取民权运动探究（1865-1920）

发布时间：2018-04-10 16:26

本文选题：非裔美国人 + 民权　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国黑人群体在美国历史进程中有着极其特殊的经历。在将近三百年的历史中，黑人种族先后经历了两百多年的奴隶制度以及一百多年的种族隔离制度。非裔美国人是最早来到美洲大陆的族群之一，却长期生活在社会的最底层。此外，在种族主义的浸淫之下，黑人群体饱受种族歧视之苦。南北战争的结束让非裔美国人看到了自由平等的曙光。在战后重建的过程之中，美国黑人在北方共和党的帮助之下获得了公民的身份与权利，同时黑人通过自己的努力与发展逐渐稳固自己的力量。但是随着重建的结束，尤其是在南方种族主义猖獗的地区，白人的重新掌权使得黑人的权利逐渐丧失。在种族隔离制度以及白人的暴力威胁之下，，19世纪末至20世纪初的黑人生活几乎与奴隶制时期无异，黑人的权利无法得到保障。但始终致力于民族解放以及争取自由平等权利的非裔美国人并没有失去对于自由与权利的渴望。在种族隔离制度的封锁之下，黑人群体通过自己的努力不断积聚自己的力量并通过不同方式进行着对于公民权利的抗争。与此同时，布克?华盛顿与杜波伊斯两位杰出黑人领袖的涌现，对于黑人争取民权提供了鲜明的指导方针。虽然黑人在19、20世纪之交的努力并没有取得卓越的成效，但是黑人群体自身的建设为日后更大规模的民权运动打下了坚定的基础，而黑人领袖的思想与人格魅力激励了非裔美国人的奋起与抗争。
[Abstract]:The black group in the United States has a very special experience in the course of American history.In nearly three hundred years of history, the black race experienced more than 200 years of slavery and more than a hundred years of apartheid.African-Americans were among the first to come to the continent, but have long lived at the bottom of society.In addition, under the immersion of racism, the black community suffered from racial discrimination.The end of the Civil War brought the dawn of freedom and equality to African Americans.In the process of post-war reconstruction, the black Americans gained their citizenship and rights with the help of the Northern Republican Party, while the blacks gradually consolidated their strength through their own efforts and development.But with the end of reconstruction, especially in the racist regions of the South, the return of whites to power gradually deprived black people of their rights.Under the threat of apartheid and white violence, black life from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century was almost the same as that of slavery, and the rights of blacks could not be guaranteed.But African-Americans, who have always been committed to national liberation and equal rights, have not lost their desire for freedom and rights.Under the blockade of apartheid, the black community constantly amassed its own strength through its own efforts and fought civil rights in different ways.Meanwhile, Booker?The emergence of two prominent black leaders, Washington and Dubois, provided clear guidelines for black people to fight for civil rights.Although the efforts of blacks at the turn of the 20th century did not yield remarkable results, the building of the black community itself laid a firm foundation for a larger civil rights movement in the future.But the black leader's thought and the personality charm has encouraged the African-American to rise and fight.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K712.5

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