论美国内战中的印第安人

发布时间：2018-04-11 05:42

本文选题：美国内战 + 印第安人　；参考：《山东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：提到美国,人们会为它能在建国二百多年的时间里,就成为世界头号强国所折服。更多的探寻它近现代的历史,自然会把笔墨倾注在作为后来者的欧洲移民身上,诚然作为美国近现代文明创造者的欧洲移民理应受到重视。但不可否认的是,印第安人作为美洲大陆上最早的主人,曾在历史上创造了绚烂的印第安文化,可其历史地位和作用长期受到人们的忽视。但也不应该否认的是,美国的历史是全体美国人民的历史,而不应该将其分割只注重欧洲白人移民在北美大陆的发展历程,只是把北美印第安人看作是一个附庸,是北美殖民地历史发展的被动承受者,而是积极的作为历史的创造者,去努力书写者属于自己的历史。他们并不是消极的退缩避让被历史的洪流所淹没,而是迎难而上承担起历史所赋予的使命去参与对历史的书写并试图用自己的行动去改变历史,虽然其最终并没阻碍历史发展的脚步,可是也以自己的方式对历史进行了诠释,虽然最终被证明是错误的。本文着重介绍了印第安人自东部被驱赶到中部的印第安保留地后其原先在东部的领地都被欧洲白人移民所占据。然而就在被占据的印第安人领地上美国南北双方却产生了在难以调和的矛盾。双方就在准州领土上是否实行奴隶制而分歧严重,双方虽然几经妥协,但是只是暂时的平静,一切都是暴风雨到来前的短暂宁静。不久内战爆发了,当时被驱赶到保留地的印第安人部落成为了内战双方拉拢的对象。这是由于,当时交战双方在阿巴拉契亚以西到密西西比河以东的西线战场进行争夺。这里的肯塔基及田纳西等州是有名的粮仓可以作为后勤基地,又是当时去往南方和西部地区的交通要道,并对当时双方能否控制边界诸州起着决定性作用。而北方若在西线占据主动必然会控制对南方极为重要的密西西比河的航道及港口,重创南方对外贸易,使南方经济陷入困境并可以从地理上将南方分割开来。对南方进行全面包围,而印第安保留地就位于这一地区以西的跨密西西比河战场对于驰援西线战场有着地理上的优势,而印第安人的袭扰可使联邦军队的后方不稳,也可就近支援西线的邦联军,分散联邦军的注意,以缓解其兵力上的不足。密西西比河以西的战事对于争夺对南北方都极其重要的边界州—密苏里州起着极为重要作用,该州的态度决定了其他几个边界州的最后归属,并决定了联邦军能否将阿肯色、路易斯安那和德克萨斯州同南方其他各州分割开来,已实现联邦政府总体战的略中的的一环。况且在这一战场上谁取得密苏里河(密西西比河支流)的控制权,都会对田纳西和肯塔基州的西线战事产生影响。因此南北双方都加入到对印第安人的笼络和争夺中。在这之中又以从东南部迁移过去的所谓“五大开化部落”为主,以他们为主的印第安人武装组成了骑兵部队加入到南部邦联军,并受邦联军将领的指挥。本文介绍了邦联军中的印第安部队的作战情况,而且印第安人部队是最后放下武器投降的部队。从东南部印第安人最初尝试融入白人社会即所谓的“五大开化部落”,到最终被迫迁入印第安人保留地,内战爆发后从中立到转而支持交战双方进行战斗的过程到战争结束等几个方面来阐述美国内战中的印第安人的作用及影响。这对进一步了解北美原住民对美国历史进程的影响有一定的作用。
[Abstract]:Referred to the United States, people will it in the more than 200 years, has become the most powerful nation in the world. By more to explore its modern history, natural ink will pour in as a latecomer to the European immigrants who, indeed as America in the creator of modern civilization, European immigrants should be taken seriously but not. That is, the Indians as the original owner of the American continent, has created a splendid history of Indian culture, the historical status and role of long-term neglect by the people. But it should not be denied that the history of all the American people, and should not focus only on its split white European immigrants in the course of development of the North American continent, only the North American Indians as a vassal of the North American colonies is the historical development of the passive, but active as the creator of history, To write the history of their own. They are not passive avoidance of withdrawal being overwhelmed by the torrent of history, but the difficulties and assume the mission entrusted by history to participate in the writing of history and tried to use their action to change history, although ultimately did not hinder the pace of history, but in its own way the interpretation of history, although ultimately proved to be wrong. This paper introduces the Indians were driven from the eastern to the central Indian reservations after their original territory in the East are dominated by white European immigrants. However, in the Indian occupied territory on the South and north sides have in the difficult to reconcile the contradictions. The two sides in the quasi state on the territory of slavery and serious differences, the two sides even after a compromise, but only a temporary calm, everything is a storm to come Short before the quiet. Shortly after the civil war broke out, was driven to the reservations of Indian tribes have become the object of civil war both sides to draw. This is because, when the warring parties compete in the west of the Appalachians to the Western Front east of the Mississippi River. The Kentucky and Tennessee state is known as the breadbasket of the logistics base, and then go to the South and west traffic arteries, and when both sides can play a decisive role in control of the border states. If the north in the west is bound to take the initiative to control the South extremely important waterway and port of the Mississippi River, hit the south of foreign trade to the southern economy in trouble and can be separated from the geography on the south. Comprehensive siege on the south, and Indian reservations in the area to the west of the Mississippi River across the battlefield to rush to the rescue The western front has a geographical advantage, while the Indians harassing the federal troops in the rear of instability can also be close to support the Confederacy in the west, scattered the attention of federal troops to ease the shortage on its strength. The west of the Mississippi River in the battle for the competition is extremely important for the North and south side of the border state of Missouri plays a very important role, the attitude of the state determines the final ownership of several other border states, and decide whether the federal troops to Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas separated from other states in the south, has a ring of the federal government in total war a little. Who made the Missouri River in the battlefield (on the Mississippi River tributary) control, will have an impact on Tennessee and Kentucky, on the western front. Therefore, both north and south to win and compete against the Indians in the. In migration from the southeast past the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes" dominated by their form based Indian armed cavalry troops to join the Confederate army, under the command of Confederate generals. This paper introduces the situation of Indian in the Confederate army, and the Indian army is the last to lay down their arms and surrender the troops. Indians from the southeastern part of the initial attempt to integrate into white society and the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes" to eventually forced to move into Indian reservations, several aspects after the outbreak of the civil war turned from neutral to support the process in the warring parties fight to the end of the war to illustrate the role and influence of the American Civil War in the Indians. Have a certain effect on the further understanding of the impact of Native Americans on the course of American history.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.4

【引证文献】