新马分离与合并研究：1945-1965

发布时间：2018-04-11 07:47

本文选题：新加坡 + 马来西亚　；参考：《厦门大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 第二次世界大战爆发后,迫于国内外的舆论压力,英国殖民当局不得不重新调整其在马来亚的殖民政策。1946年1月22日,英国公布了《马来亚和新加坡—关于未来的宪法的声明》(亦称白皮书),把战前分散的海峡殖民地、马来联邦和马来属邦的行政管理权集中起来,组成马来亚联邦,新加坡则从海峡殖民地划分出来,成为英国的直辖殖民地。由于白皮书剥夺了苏丹和马来人的特权,立即引起了苏丹及民众的强烈反对,马来亚联邦计划实施不足一年半便告终结。1948年2月1日,英国殖民当局宣布成立马来亚联合邦,恢复了苏丹和马来人的特权。联合邦成立之后,工运学潮不断,马来亚社会出现了动荡不安的局面。当局一方面以武力镇压马来亚的反英运动;另一方面,殖民政府也主动开始进行政治改革,以争取民心,并为权力的移交做准备。1955年,马来亚举行第一次全国大选,“华巫印联盟”获胜,东姑拉曼出任自治政府首席部长。在东姑的领导下,联盟与英国经过几次艰苦的谈判,在满足了英国的关键性利益要求后,马来亚最终于1957年8月31日独立。战后新加坡的政治改革相对缓慢,至1955年,新加坡才在林德宪制的基础上成立了民选政府。此后,新加坡的民族独立运动迅猛展开。在反殖民主义的压力下,英国政府被迫三次邀请各派政治力量到伦敦谈判,讨论新加坡的政治地位问题。1958年4月18日,英、新代表签署《关于新加坡自治宪法草案》,英国政府同意新加坡成立自治邦。1959年6月,人民行动党组织了新加坡首届自治政府,实行内部自治,英国保留国防和外交权利。新加坡与马来亚之间仅隔着柔佛海峡,在政治、经济、文化等各个方面,都曾是密不可分的整体。二战后,新、马虽被人为地分隔为两个独立的政治单元,然而这种分离并非绝对的,战后新、马两地依然保持着密切的关系。1961年5月27日,东姑发表声明,希望加强马来亚地区间的联系。在经过两年多的磋商后,新、马、沙、砂四地最终于1963年9月16日组成了马来西亚联邦。马来西亚成立后,联邦内隐藏的各种矛盾逐渐显露。新、马在政治、经济、文化及种族方面发生了激烈的冲突,双方关系破裂。在合并近两年后,新加坡被迫退出马来西亚。新加坡和马来西亚从此走上各自独立发展的道路。
[Abstract]:The Second World War broke out, under the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad, the British colonial authorities had to adjust its colonial policies in.1946 in Malaya in January 22nd, Britain announced the "Malaya and Singapore - about the future constitutional statement > (also known as the white paper), the pre war scattered Straits settlements, Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States administration management right together, Malaya Federation, Singapore from the Straits Settlements division, became a British crown colony. The white paper deprived Sultan and Malay privileges, immediately aroused strong opposition from Sultan and the people, the Malaya federal plan for the implementation of less than a year and a half will come to the end of February 1st.1948, the British colonial authorities announced the establishment of Malaya the United States, Sultan and restored Malay privileges.
After the founding of the Federation, the student union, Malaya society appeared the turbulent situation. Authorities force to suppress Malaya's anti British movement; on the other hand, the colonial government began to carry out political reforms, to win the hearts of the people, and for the transfer of power to.1955 years, Malaya held the first national election. "The China India alliance" to win, Tunku Abdul Rahman served as chief minister. In the autonomous government of Tunku under the leadership of the alliance with the British after several difficult negotiations, to meet the key interests of Britain's request, Malaya independence in August 31, 1957.
The Singapore's political reform is relatively slow, until 1955, Singapore was based on the Rendel Constitution was founded on the elected government. Since then, the rapid expansion of the national independence movement. Under the pressure of anti colonialism, the British government was forced to three invite various political forces to London to discuss the.1958 negotiations, the political status of Singapore years in April 18th, New Britain, signed on behalf of Singapore constitution draft on < >, the British government agreed to set up a self-governing state of Singapore.1959 in June, the people's Action Party organized the first autonomous government of Singapore, the implementation of internal self-government, Britain retained the right to defense and foreign affairs.
Between Singapore and Malaya just across the Johore Strait, in the political, economic, cultural and other aspects, are both inseparable whole. After World War II, the new horse, although was artificially divided into two independent political units, but this separation is not absolute, after the war, two places still maintained a close relationship between.1961 in May 27th, Rahman issued a statement that Malaya hopes to strengthen inter regional links. After more than two years of negotiations, the new horse, sand, sand, the four eventually formed the Federation of Malaysia in September 16, 1963.
After the establishment of Malaysia, various contradictions hidden in Federation gradually emerged. The new horse, in political, economic, cultural conflict and racial, rupture of the relationship. Nearly two years after the merger, Singapore was forced to withdraw from Malaysia. Singapore and Malaysia has embarked on the road of independent development.

【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K153

【引证文献】