冷战初期美国对拉美外交政策的转变

发布时间：2018-04-12 19:54

本文选题：冷战 + 美国　；参考：《世界历史》2014年05期

【摘要】：冷战初期,杜鲁门政府通过组建美洲政治军事集团、提供军事援助完成了战后美国对拉美政策的第一次转变,即由反法西斯的外部入侵向抵御共产主义的外部影响,同时奠定了冷战时期美国对拉美政策的基调——战略利益是防止共产主义在拉美扩大影响,经济利益是促进美国在拉美的自由贸易和投资。第一届艾森豪威尔政府的拉美政策基本遵循了这一原则。20世纪50年代中后期,美国的战略优势地位不断下降,第二届艾森豪威尔政府通过对拉美政策的两次调整实现了第二次转变:战略目光由重点关注冷战前线地区演变为前线和后方兼顾,开始更多地关注拉美等第三世界国家和地区的冷战形势;战略手法由强调军事援助,逐渐演变为突出经济援助和经济建设,以遏制共产主义在拉美的发展。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the cold war, the Truman administration through the formation of American political and military group, to provide military assistance to complete the postwar American policy towards Latin America for the first time, in which outside the anti fascist invasion against communism to external influence, at the same time established during the cold war the United States on Latin America Policy tone -- strategic interest is to prevent communism to expand its influence in Latin America the United States, economic benefits is to promote free trade and investment in Latin America. The first Latin American policy of the Eisenhower government basically follows this principle in.20 in late 50s, the United States strategic advantage is declining, the second Eisenhower government changed second times two times through the adjustment of Latin American policy: strategic vision by key pay attention to the cold war front area evolution for both front and rear, began to pay more attention to the three world countries and Latin America. The situation of the cold war in the region; the strategic approach, by emphasizing military aid, has gradually evolved to highlight economic aid and economic construction in order to curb the development of communism in Latin America.

【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所;
【分类号】：D771.2;K153

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